2 - neural signaling, electrical

Question 1

ions

Answer 1

molecules that carry electrical charge

Question 1

important function of neuron

Answer 1

communication
bewteen:
- neurons
- neuron and organs
- sensory receptors and neurons

Question 2

cellmembrane of a neuron, closes the cell and …

Answer 2

seperates intra and extra cellurare space
- is impearable (water dissolves molecules can flow trough)

Question 3

sodium

Answer 3

NA+

Question 4

potassium

Answer 4

k+

Question 5

chloride

Answer 5

cl-

Question 6

diffusion, causes

Answer 6

molecules to move from high to low concentration

Question 7

sodium/potassium pump, can

Answer 7

EXCHANGES SODIUM FOR POTASSIUM
transport ions across membrane
(3 NA+ out, 2 KA+ in)

Question 8

non-gated potassium channel

Answer 8

• needs to be added to membrane, is - selective for potassium, only lets it trough.
• Always open
• Passive process, costs no energy

Question 9

equilibrum potential for an ion at a given concentration gradien

Answer 9

when pulling and pushing forces are equally strong

when concentration gradient across membrane in stable

can be calculated with nernst equation

Question 10

3 reasons why KA+ is dominant at rest

Answer 10

• most permeability
• lots of channels
• reaches equilibrium the best

Question 11

multiple schlerosis

Answer 11

disease, where own immune system attacks myelin, this will slow down AP speed and makes brain malfunction

Question 12

In a typical neuron, which ion has a large concentration inside?

Answer 12

K+ (think about banana)

Question 13

Which ion can move trough membrane freely due to non-gated ion channels

Answer 13

K+

Question 14

At membrane resting potential, which ion is close to equilibrum

Answer 14

K+

Question 15

What forces act upon NA+ when NA+ channels open up?

Answer 15

diffusion & electrostatic

Question 16

In which direction does NA+ flow when NA+ channels open up at rest

Answer 16

in (bc there is a lot outside and it wants to be in equilibrium)

Question 17

what is a depolarization of a neuron at rest?

Answer 17

when charge inside cell becomes less negative / more positive)

Question 18

Which electrical signal of neurons is all or nothing?

Answer 18

action potentials

Question 19

Which part of electrical signaling is directly linked to energy use?

Answer 19

Maintaining membrane resting potential

Question 20

Input side of neuron?

Answer 20

dendrites

Question 21

Output side of neuron?

Answer 21

axons(terminal)

Question 22

Most important mechanism underlying refractory phase?

Answer 22

NA+ channel inactivation

Question 23

Function of myelin

Answer 23

Increase AP speed

Question 24

How does myelin speed up AP propagation?

Answer 24

Increase distance of electronic conduction in axon

Question 25

Primary visual cortex in is

Answer 25

Occipital lobe (onder achterin hoofd)