4 Enzymes Flashcards
What is the role of enzymes
They catalyse chemical reactions
how to increase the successful collisions (2)
temperature
pressure
(increased)
types of enzyme reactions (2)
Lock and key
induced fit (initial reaction is weak, over time the enzymes tertiary structure will change slightly)
what is a coenzyme
Organic non-protein compound
enzyme primary structure
a sequence of amino acids
enzyme secondary structure
hydrogen bonds, folding, beta pleated sheet, alpha helix
enzyme tertiary structure
the way its folded into a 3D structure
Anabolic energy/ reaction
energy used to synthesise longer molecules
metabolism
All the chemical reactions that take place inside living organisms
catabolic reactions
large molecules are Brocken down into smaller ones
Some enzymes need the presence of another molecule in order to work more effectively. What are these called?
Cofactors
non protein molecules
Facts about cofactors
Required for the enzyme to bind the substrate
Temporally attached to enzyme
Co enzymes often derived from vitamins
Prosthetic group (facts + example )
Organic molecules
Permanently attached
Non protein
Example = Carbon anhydrase contains a zinc ion permanently bound to its active site.
Enzymes can be activated with cofactors
-What inactivates them ?
inhibitors
What is competitive inhibition
Where a molecule with a similar structure binds to the active site of an enzyme preventing an enzyme substrate complex from being formed
Mostly reversible
Tertiary structure of the enzyme is NOT effected
What is non competitive inhibition
A molecule binds to the allosteric site of an enzyme changing the shape of its active site so it is no longer complementary to the substrate
Reversible
Tertiary shape IS changed
What is end-product inhibition
This occurs when the product of a reaction acts as an inhibitor to the enzyme that produces it
This serves as a negative feedback control mechanism for the reaction. Excess products are not made and resources are not wasted.
Its an example of a non-competitive reversible inhibition.
What does the prosthetic group do
make enzymes active /increase their activity.
What do coenzymes do
An organic molecule that binds to the active sites of certain enzymes to assist in the catalysis of a reaction.
