2 Biological Molecules

Question 1

Carbohydrates

(contains? form/ratio)

Answer 1

-Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

-C*(H2O)y = (CH2O)n

Question 2

A single sugar unit

Answer 2

Monosaccharide

Question 3

2 linked sugar units

Answer 3

disaccharide

Question 4

Multiple/ many sugar units linked

Answer 4

Polysaccharide

Question 5

Monosaccharide examples

Answer 5

Glucose
Fructose
Galactose

Question 6

Disaccharide examples

Answer 6

Lactose
Sucrose
Maltose

Question 7

Polysaccharide examples

Answer 7

Cellulose
Starch
Glycogen

Question 8

A monomer is a …

Answer 8

single unit

Question 9

A polymer is made up of …

Answer 9

multiple repeating units

Question 10

What does the reaction Hydrolysis need

Answer 10

water

Question 11

What bond forms Maltose

Answer 11

Glycosidic bond 1.4

(from the covalent bonds)

Question 12

Cellulose
-where is it found
-subunits
-bond
-branches

Answer 12

-where is it found = Cell Wall (plant cell)
-subunits =beta glucose
-bond = beta 1.4 glycosidic bond
-branches = no

Question 13

Amylose
-where is it found
-subunits
-bond
-branches

Answer 13

-where is it found =is a starch so is found in leaves
-subunits = alfa glucose
-bond =1.4 glycosidic
-branches = no

Question 14

Amylopectin
-where is it found
-subunits
-bond
-branches

Answer 14

-where is it found = is a starch, found in leaves
-subunits =alfa glucose
-bond = 1.4 + 1.6 glycosidic
-branches = yes

Question 15

Glycogen
-where is it found
-subunits
-bond
-branches

Answer 15

-where is it found =liver + muscles
-subunits = alfa glucose
-bond =1.4 + 1.6 glycosidic
-branches = yes

Question 16

water

-density (ice+water)
-solvent

Answer 16

-Water is more dense than ice ( when the temperature of water goes bellow 4 degrees Celsius the hydrogen bonds fix their polar molecules slightly further apart )

-Ice can float ( because of what’s said above)

-Water can take ions from substances so they are free to move around

Question 17

Elements present in lipids

Answer 17

-oxygen
-carbon
-hydrogen

Question 18

Difference in fat and oil

Answer 18

-Oil is a liquid at room temperature
-Fats are solid at room temperature

Question 19

what makes up a triglyceride

Answer 19

glycerol +3 fatty acids

Question 20

what are the 5 functions of triglycerides

Answer 20

-Protection , the layer of fat protects organs
-buoyancy
-energy store
-energy source
-insulation

Question 21

Meaning of hydrophilic

Answer 21

-Attracted to water
-dissolves in water

Question 22

Triglyceride

-structure + bond
-function
-how structure helps function

Answer 22

-structure + bond =ester bond, 3 fatty acids + glycerol
-function = buoyancy, protection, insulation
-how structure helps function =insoluble

Question 23

Phospholipid

-structure + bond
-function
-how structure helps function

Answer 23

-structure + bond = 2.4 phosphodiester bond, 2 fatty acids +glycerol + phosphate
-function = protects the cell as a barrier
-how structure helps function = hydrophobic

Question 24

Cholesterol

-structure + bond
-function
-how structure helps function

Answer 24

-structure + bond = 4 carbon rings, covalent bonds
-function =hormone, membrane stability
-how structure helps function = molecule recognition

Question 25

What molecule is formed when 2 amino acids join

Answer 25

Dipeptide

Question 26

Test for Proteins

-chemical used
-colour change

Answer 26

biuret regent

-blue to purple

Question 27

Test for Carbohydrate reducing sugar

-chemical used
-colour change

Answer 27

-Benedict’s

blue to -green= very low
- yellow= low
-orange= medium
-red= high

Question 28

Test for carbohydrate non reducing sugar

-chemical used
-colour change

Answer 28

-Benedict’s reagent
-add acid to neutralise
-heat

-blue to red/ orange

Question 29

Test for carbohydrate starch

-chemical used
-colour change

Answer 29

-Iodine

-yellow/ brown to purple/ black

Question 30

Test for Lipid

-chemical used
-colour change

Answer 30

-Ethanol + water and shake

-colourless to cloudy white

Question 31

Test for

-chemical used
-colour change

Question 32

what do proteins contain (elements and …+… )

Answer 32

-carbon
-Hydrogen
-oxygen
-nitrogen

-Amino Acid + Peptides

Question 33

How many types of Amino Acids are there

Answer 33

20

Question 34

In proteins what bonds form between amino acids

Answer 34

Peptide bonds

Question 35

When many amino acids are joined by peptide bonds, what is formed

Answer 35

polypeptide

Question 36

What is a globular protein

+example

Answer 36

-compact
-water soluble
-spherical

-formed when proteins fold into their tertiary structures

-Example = INSULIN

Question 37

What is a conjuncted protein

+example

Answer 37

-Globular proteins
-Contain a prosthetic group

-Example = lipoproteins, glycoproteins

Question 38

What is Haemoglobin

-how it works

Answer 38

-Quaternary protein

-The iron ions in haem can reversibly bind with an Oxygen molecule , this is how it takes oxygen around the body.

Question 39

What is a fibrous Protein

+ example

Answer 39

-Formed from long, insoluble molecules
-Hydrophobic R-group in their primary structures

-Example= keratin, elastin, collagen

Question 40

Chromatography of proteins

-the process

Answer 40

• A thin layer of silica gel is applied to a rigid surface
  -Amino acids are added at one end of the gel
  -This end is then submerged in organic solvent
  -Organic solvent moving = mobile phase

Question 41

Rf value calculation

Answer 41

distance moved by substance
_______________________________
solvent front