4 definitions Flashcards
General Formula
The simplest algebraic formula of a number of a homologous series
Structural Formula
The minimal detail that shows the arrangement of atoms in the molecule
Displaced Formula
The relative position of atoms and the bonds between them
Skeletal formula
The simplified organic formula, shown by removing hydrogen atoms from the alkyl chains, leaving just a carbon skeleton and associated functional groups.
Homologous series
A series of organic compounds having the same functional group but with each successive member differing be CH2
Functional Group
A group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions of a compound.
Aliphatic
A compound containing carbon and hydrogen joined together in straight chains branched chains or non-aromatic rings.
Alicyclic
An aliphatic compound arranged in non-aromatic rings with or without sidechains
Aromatic
A compound containing a benzene ring
Saturated
Single carbon bonds only - can’t take any more hydrogen atoms.
Unsaturated
The presence of multiple carbon-carbon bonds, including double bonds and triple bonds.
Structural Isomers
Same molecular formula but different structural formula.
σ bond
Overlap of orbitals directly between bonding atoms - they can rotate freely
π bond
Sideways overlap of adjacent p orbitals above and below the bonding atoms
Stereoisomerism
Compounds with the same structural formula but with a different arrangement in space.
