4. Bonding

Question 1

What is Ionic Bonding

Answer 1

When a metal and non-metal react together, the metal atom loses an electron and becomes a cation and the non-metal gains an electrons and becomes a cation. Strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions.

Question 2

What is Covalent Bonding?

Answer 2

Form between two non metals. Electrons are shared between the two outer shells to achieve a full outer shell.

Question 3

Coordinate Bonding

Answer 3

Coordinate bonding forms when both of the electrons in the shared pair are supplied from the same atom.

Question 4

Electronegativity

Answer 4

The power of an atom to attract negative charge towards itself within a covalent bond

Question 5

VESPR

Answer 5

Pairs of electrons have negative charge and will repel each other to the maximum angle possible to minimise total repulsions in the molecule

Lone pairs attracted to nuclei so there close to it. Bond pairs are attracted to the nuclei of both atoms. When electron pairs are closer together there repulsion is greater therefore:

lone pair-lone pair > lone pair- bond pair > bond pair- bond pair

Question 6

Shapes

Answer 6

Linear - 180 - e.g BeCl2

Trigonal Planar - 120 - BF3

Tetrahedral - 109.5 - CH4

Pyramidal - 107 - NH3

Bent - 104.5 - H20

Trigonal bipyramidal - 90,120 - PCl5

Octahedral - 90 - SF6