2.6 Halogenoalkanes

Question 1

Nucleophilic Substutution

Answer 1

Reagent: Aq NaOH
Elimination Reaction

Question 2

What are anti bumping granules for?

Answer 2

Prevent the formation of large gas bubbles that cause violent boiling

Question 3

Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction IRL

Answer 3

Measure xcm3 of 1bromobutane and pour into round bottom flasked. Add xcm3 NaOH and anti bumping granules. Swirl gently and assemble relfux apparatus. Round bottom flask should sit in water bath. Turn on water for condenser and light Bunsen burner to heat water bath. Reflux for 15 minutes. Assemble for distillation. Distill butan-1-ol produced and collect in flask. Record temp at which liquid product is collected.

Question 4

Changing the halogenalkane

Answer 4

Electronegativity decreases as size of halogen increases so C-Cl is most polar so its the strongest and hardest to break.

Rate of hydrolysis is chloro>bromo>iodo

Reactivity
iodo>bromo>chloro

Question 5

Use of halogenoalkanes

Answer 5

Solvents - Polar (around C-X) and non polar (around alkyl chain). They dissolve greases and stains but are non-flammable, heating makes them evaporate (i.e after dry cleaning)

Refrigerants - Halogenoalkanes have a boiling point close to room temp so are easily vapourised. When evaporated it takes in heat making them suitable for refrigerants