2.4 Organic Compounds

Question 1

Effect or branching

Answer 1

As chain length gets longer, the surface contact between molecules gets bigger as a result more van da Waals forces which take more energy to overcome

Question 2

Boiling point (functional groups)

Answer 2

Butane only has induced dipole-dipole interactions so low boiling point. Chloroethane has a polar C-Cl which gives rise to a permanent dipole which requires more energy to break so high b.p. Propan-1-ol has hydrogen bonds in the -OH groups which require a lot more energy to break so higher b.p.

Question 3

Solubility (functional groups)

Answer 3

The larger alcohol and carboxylic acids have longer hydrocarbon chain which are hydrophobic. Eventually with enough carbons the hydrophobic effect is so large its no longer soluble

Question 4

Electrophile and Nucleophile

Answer 4

Electrophile is a positive species that accepts lone pair of electrons

Nucleophile is a negative species that donates electrons

Question 5

Homolytic fission

Answer 5

Bond breaks evenly so each of the bonded atoms receives one electron, forming radicals:

C2H5Cl -> C2H5. + Cl.

Question 6

Heterolytic fission

Answer 6

Bond breaks equally so one of the bonded atoms receive both electrons forming a cation and an anion:

CH3CH2Br -> CH3CH2+ + :Br-

Question 7

Radical

Answer 7

A species with an unpaired electron