4 Biology - Animal Nutrition

Question 1

what is nutrition?

Answer 1

set of processes the organism uses to provide itself with food

Question 2

where do reactions of chemical substances take place?

Answer 2

cytoplasm

Question 3

what are carbohydrates for?

Answer 3

energy source for respiration

Question 4

what are proteins for?

Answer 4

growth and repair

Question 5

what are lipids for?

Answer 5

energy

Question 6

what are the two types of carbohydrates?

Answer 6

simple (sugar)

complex (glucose)

Question 7

how does a glucose molecule look like?

Answer 7

hexagon

Question 8

what are carbohydrates made up of?

Answer 8

elements:
carbon
hydrogen
oxygen

carbs are made up of glucose units in a long chain

Question 9

what are proteins made up of?

Answer 9

elements:
carbon
oxygen
nitrogen

proteins are made up of amino acids

they make up the structure of cells

Question 10

what are lipids made up of?

Answer 10

glycerol
fatty acids

lipids are fats and oils

Question 11

what is cytoplasm made of?

Answer 11

salts and water

Question 12

what is the food test for carbohydrates (simple sugars)?

(shelock holmes)

Answer 12

benedict’s test

goes from purple to orange

Question 13

what is the food test for carbohydrates (complex-starch)?

Answer 13

iodine solution

becomes purple/black

Question 14

what is the food test for proteins?

Answer 14

biuret test

becomes purple for positive result

Question 15

what test is used to detect lipids -oils?

Answer 15

ethanol test

cloudy white suspension

Question 16

what test is used to detect lipids -fats?

Answer 16

brown paper test

leaves translucent spots on brown paper

Question 17

why is it important to have a balanced diet?

Answer 17

important for:

• immune system
• development/growth
• enzymes
• respiration

unbalanced diet may cause:

• diseases (ex diabetes)
• obesity
• malnutrition

Question 18

what do you get if you have a lack of vitamin C?

Answer 18

scurvy

makes your gums bleed

Question 19

what do you get if you have alack of vitamin D?

Answer 19

rickets

bones become weak and may bend

Question 20

what do you get if you have a lack of vitamin A?

Answer 20

poor night vision

Question 21

what do you get if you have a lack of vitamin B?

Answer 21

beri-beri

disease that can affect heart function, damage nerves, and lead to loss of muscle strength

Question 22

what do you get if you have iron deficiency?

Answer 22

anaemia

decrease in amount of red blood cells
you become weak

Question 23

what do you get if you have protein deficiency?

Answer 23

kwashiorkor

causes children to have bloated belly

Question 24

what do you get if you have calcium deficiency?

Answer 24

makes bones/teeth weak

Question 25

``` function of: mouth ```

Answer 25

where food enters | bolus of food is created by teeth, tongue, & saliva during mastication

Question 26

``` function of: salivary glands ```

Answer 26

produce saliva | pours it through salivary duct to the mouth

Question 27

``` function of: epiglottis ```

Answer 27

flop of muscle which closes the entry to the trachea during swallowing

Question 28

``` function of: oesophagus ```

Answer 28

muscular tubes which helps food move down by peristalsis

Question 29

``` function of: stomach ```

Answer 29

stores food for short time mixes it with acidic digestive juice to form a creamy liquid called chyme PH2

Question 30

``` function of: duodenum ```

Answer 30

semi-liquid food is mixed with pancreatic juice and bile

Question 31

``` function of: large intestine ```

Answer 31

reabsorbs water

Question 32

``` function of: lleum ```

Answer 32

longest part of small intestine digested food is absorbed into blood and lymphatic system

Question 33

``` function of: liver ```

Answer 33

- produces bile - sorts out digested food molecules - all foods absorbed into villi are sent to the liver first by the hepatic portal vein - makes sure tissues receive exactly what they need

Question 34

``` function of: pancreas ```

Answer 34

produces pancreatic juice which is poured into small intestine

Question 35

``` function of: gall bladder ```

Answer 35

stores bile

Question 36

``` function of: bile ```

Answer 36

helps neutralise acidic chyme in liver

Question 37

``` function of: pancreatic juice ```

Answer 37

contains enzymes helps neutralise acidic chyme in liver

Question 38

``` function of rectum ```

Answer 38

stores feces

Question 39

``` function of enzymes ```

Answer 39

digest food

Question 40

what is digested in the mouth?

Answer 40

salivary amylase (carbohydrase) turns starch into maltose (2 glucose molecules)

Question 41

what is digested in the stomach?

Answer 41

protease turns proteins into peptides(2 amino acids)

Question 42

what is digested in the duodenum?

Answer 42

fats are emulsified pancreatic juice turns peptides into amino acids

Question 43

what is the function of fat on our bodies?

Answer 43

- valuable as a energy sore because they are insoluble in water - provide electrical and thermal insulation - makes hormones

Question 44

describe the ingestion process

Answer 44

teeth and tongue break food into small pieces --> mastication--> mechanical digestion saliva has enzymes that break down molecules amylase = starch > maltose saliva also lubricates the oesophagus so that food can travel down food travels down the oesophagus by peristalsis

Question 45

describe the digestion process

Answer 45

-- food is stored in stomach which is filled with acids --> mechanical and chemical digestion pepsin = proteins > peptides -- in the duodenum be & pancreatic juice break down food and neutralise acids maltose > glucose peptides > amino acids lipase = fats are emulsified

Question 46

describe the absorption process

Answer 46

food enters the small intestine (lleum), nutrients absorbed large intestine absorbs water indigestible substance are stored in the rectum exit in the anus

Question 47

why is the intestine surrounded with vili?

Answer 47

because it increases surface area, increasing the absorption

Question 48

from front to back, what are the teeth called?

Answer 48

incisors, canine, premolars, molars

Question 49

how do teeth decay?

Answer 49

sugar is used by bacteria to carry out their life processes plague builds up and converts sugars into acids acids remove enamel bacteria reach deeper into teeth