1 Biology - Cells

Question 1

Name the 7 characteristics of living organisms and explain

Answer 1

MRS NERG

Movement - action that causes change in position/place

Respiration - chemical reaction that breaks down nutrient molecules in living cells to release energy

Sensitivity - ability to detect changes in the environment and to make responses

Nutrition - taking in of nutrients which contain energy for growth and tissue repair

Excretion - removal of waste products of metabolism

Reproduction - processes that makes more of the same kind of organism

Growth - permanent increase in size and mass by an increase in cell number or cell size

Question 2

Draw and label plant and animal cell

Answer 2

http://www.bbc.co.uk/staticarchive/f9468650f741d0b706b56c467eb28b4e02cef04d.gif

Question 3

Explain the function of each part of a cell which are found in both plant/animal

Answer 3

nucleus - both, contains DNA, contains coded instructions for controlling characteristics of cells

cell membrane - controls entry/exit of substances

cytoplasm - where most chemical reactions take place

mitochondria - makes energy from sugar

Question 4

what are the extra cell parts only found in plant cells? their functions?

Answer 4

cell wall - protects cell against damage, provides support, impermeable to water

chloroplasts - contain chlorophyll for light absorption

vacuole - Filled with cell sap to help keep the cell turgid

Question 5

equation that uses magnification to find the actual size

Answer 5

measured length
_____________ = actual size
magnification

Question 6

how is a red blood cell specialised to do its job?

Answer 6

donut-like shape increases surface area to absorb oxygen

no nucleus allows for more space for oxygen to be carried

contains HAEMOGLOBIN for oxygen transport

Question 7

how is a sperm cell specialised to do its job?

Answer 7

head contains nucleus + enzyme for letting into the egg

body contains mitochondria for energy

tail for moving

carries male parent`s genetic information

Question 8

how is a root hair cell cell specialised to do its job?

Answer 8

long extension to increase surface area for absorption of minerals and water

Question 9

how is an egg cell specialised to do its job?

Answer 9

large energy store for early replication

active nucleus for replication

hard cell membrane for protection

carries female parent`s genetic information

Question 10

how is a white blood cell specialised to do its job?

Answer 10

contains powerful enzymes that digest bacteria

Question 11

how is the cell lining bronchioles of lungs specialised to do its job?

Answer 11

has cillia to trap and remove mucus and dust particles

Question 12

how is a motor nerve cell specialised to do its job?

Answer 12

elongated and transmits information from the nervous system to a muscle

Question 13

how is a palisade cell specialised to do its job?

Answer 13

contains many chloroplasts

Question 14

how is a phloem sieve tube cell specialised to do its job?

Answer 14

transports sugars through the body of a plant

Question 15

define

diffusion

Answer 15

when the particles of a substance move from an area of high molecule concentration to an area of low molecule concentration due to random particle movement, until it is evenly spread out

Question 16

give 3 examples of diffusion

Answer 16

1- deodorant spread in one corner of the room, the people nearest to it smelled it first but eventually the people further away were also able to smell

2- there was a cotton ball with ammonia (NH3) in one end of a test tube, and another with hydrochloric acid (HCl) on the other end. A white gas formed in the middle (ammonium chloride (NH4Cl))

3- Potassium permanganate (pink liquid) put in cold water didn’t spread a lot but in warm water is spread a lot

Question 17

define

osmosis

Answer 17

diffusion of water molecules

across permeable membrane

Question 18

define

water potential

Answer 18

amount of water molecules in a a solution
a solution with many water molecules has high water potential, a solution with few water molecules has low water potential

Question 19

explain how osmosis works

Answer 19

when a membrane is dividing two diff concentrations and one has a higher amount of glucose, for example, than the other, the side with more water will have some of its water go to the side that has more of the glucose so that it is equal

Question 20

why is osmosis important to plants?

Answer 20

They gain water by osmosis through their roots. Water moves into plant cells by osmosis
when the plant is stiff, it doesn’t have a lot of water
when the plant is turgid, it has a lot of water

Question 21

why is the cell wall important when it comes to osmosis

Answer 21

it keeps the cell from bursting if it has a lot of water, making the cell turgid
animal cells don’t have a cell wall and they will burst if they have too much water