2 Chemistry - Matter Flashcards
define
temperature
average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance
define
internal energy
total energy stored in the particles of a substance (energy from bonds-potential, and kinetic)
define
thermal energy/heat
energy transferred from one body to another
why does the temperature stay constant something is changing state?
because the energy that is being added is being used to break the bonds between the particles
how do you change the state of something?
by adding heat you add energy which makes the particles to move faster and break the bonds
what causes pressure in a gas?
particles colliding with each other
why does a balloon burst if you keep blowing?
because theres too much pressure
a gas is in a sealed container
how will the pressure change if the container is cooled?
when it is cooled it loses energy, making the particles slower, this will decrease the rate of collision, therefore reducing the pressure
define
solute
what is dissolved
define
dissolve
when you mix something in another liquid
define
mixture
when you have 2 or more substances but they are not chemically bonded
define
concentration
how much of a substance in a mixture
define
saturated
when no more solute can be dissolved
define
solvent
what you mix the solute with
define
solution
a solute and a solvent mixed
what is the modern atomic theory
elements are composed of extremely small atoms
compounds are formed by the chemical combination of 2 or more diff atoms
define
molecule
2 or more atoms chemically bonded together
differ
molecule of an element
molecule of a compound
atom of an element
molecule of an element C2
molecule of a compound C2H2
atom of an element C
what is atomic mass (amu)
mass of protons neutrons and electrons
charge and mass of protons neutrons and electrons
proton – charge 1+ mass 1
neutron – charge 0 mass 1
electron – charge -1 mass 0
define
valence shell
outer electron shell
what does each period on the p. table represent?
no. of electron shells
what does group number on the p. table represent?
the number of electrons on the outer shell
