4

Question 1

Baybayin

Answer 1

pre-colonial beautiful ancient writing

Question 2

PRE – COLONIAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Answer 2

Slow pacing of the spread

Question 3

Pre – Colonial Era

Answer 3

o planting crops
o taking care of animals for food
o food production for lean seasons
o interpret the movements of heavenly
bodies to predict seasons
o medical uses of plants for healing and prosperity
o buildingtechnologieswereusedtobuild their houses
o there were tools developed for hunting and security for survival from the danger of wild animals
o “metalage” influence, uses gold and silver for their jewelry

Question 4

Concept of Time (pre-colonial)

Answer 4

o no clocks
o Povedano calendar o Modern calendar

Question 5

VISAYANS – years, three known terms:

Answer 5

• “TAON” – harvest period
• “TUIG” – coming of periodic events
• “DAG-ON” – blooming of trees and plants 🍀

Question 6

TAGALOGS– division of night and day

Answer 6

BUKANG LIWAYWAY – breaking of the dawn
KATANGHALIAN – high noon or midday
LULUNOD NA – setting of sun around 4 pm
PAGSIKAT NG TALANG BAQUERO – 3:30 in the morning
PAGSIKAT NG TALANG BATUGAN – appears on horizon
MABABA NA – 2 pm
TAKIPSILIM – 10-11 pm
HATINGGABI – midnight

Question 7

moon phases as “time markers”

Answer 7

▪ shifting of one month to another

GIMATA – moon seems to open its eyes
KATIN – the third quarter
MALASUMBANG – new moon phase
ARAO (ARAW) –“sun”, pertains to day
GAB-I (GABI) – night early Filipino’s time

Question 8

EARLY FILIPINO WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

Answer 8

body parts for measuring

Question 9

SPANISH REGIME

Answer 9

The Galleon Trade
-communication between Spain and its Philippine colony
-contributed to the change of culture, language
-government monopoly, two galleons used

Question 10

caracoa

Answer 10

refined plank- built warships

Question 11

galleon trade had?

Answer 11

negative effect on economic development
- Spanish capital was devoted to Chinese goods.

Question 12

GOVERNADOR JOSE BASCO Y VARGAS

Answer 12

• cotton, cinnamon, and silk industry
• export of rice, tobacco,
• “Father of Philippine Pharmacy”

Question 13

COLEGIODEMANILA

Answer 13

▪ first royal
▪(1590)
▪ renamed as Colegio De San Ignacio in 1626
▪ became Universidad de San Ignacio in 1621

Question 14

o COLEGIODESANILDEFONSO

Answer 14

▪ closed on 1769 due to the
expulsion of the Jesuits in the Philippines
▪ claimed to be the oldest school in Asia

Question 15

o UNIVERSITYOFSANTOTOMAS

Answer 15

▪ known as the Colegio de Nuestra
Seňora del Rosario
▪ bishop Miguel de Benavidez in 1611.
▪ largest catholic university in the world in terms of population

Question 16

AMERICAN REGIME

Answer 16

• industrial technology was neglected.
• American regime – known as “Americanize”
  -nature studies
• learned the value of cleanliness, proper hygiene

Question 17

• Americans

Answer 17

o built road, streets
o infrastructure helped movement of products
o boulevards, zone districts

✓ 1901 – bureau of government laboratories
✓ 1905 – replaced by the bureau of
science.
✓ 1933 – council of the Philippines was established
✓ 1947 – Philippine General Hospital.
✓ 1908 – University of the Philippines (up) was founded through act no.
✓ 1909 – opened at called Isaac Peral
✓ 1948 – UP was transferred

Question 18

COMMONWEALTH PERIOD (1935-1946)

Answer 18

Manuel Quezon
- bureau of mines
- increased appropriations
- commonwealth government does not achieve its goal of economic self-reliance
- commonwealth of the Philippines - under the Japanese accupation from 1942 – 1945.

o Japanese occupied the Philippines before finally driven out by the Americans
- the country had a difficult time to rebuild itself from the ruins of the war.
- In February 1945, the bureau of forestry was reopened
- rebuild the country may be strong but the capacity of the country to bring back what was destroyed was limited

Question 19

Independence in 1946
highlighted events since independence are the following:

Answer 19

o no significant innovation in the
education

o creation of government science agencies since 1946
o institute of science
o scientific work in government suffered
from a lack of support, planning and coordination during the early postwar years
o renamed institute of science and technology
o in1952, commission volcanology was also created
o institute of nutrition was created
o consequently, congress enacted the science act of 1958
o the act also created the Philippine Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) and the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST)
o in the year 1960s several sciences research-oriented agencies were established by Philippine laws
▪ Philippines commission (1964)
inventors
▪ Philippine coconut research institute (1964)

Philippine textile research institute (1967)
▪ forest products research and
▪ industries development
commission (1969)
o the science act created the National
Science Development Board (NSDB) existing agencies in accordance with NSDB policy coordination
▪ the NRCP, metals industry research and development center (MIRDC)
▪ the SFP, Philippine Science High School (PSHS) and Philippine Council for Agriculture and Resources Research (PCARR)

Question 20

MARCOS ERA

Answer 20

SONA THAT FOCUSED ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

✓ January 23, 1967 – SONA, emphasized science was essential for research and development programs

✓ January 22, 1968 – third SONA, acknowledged that technology was the foremost factor in economic development and channeled additional funds in order to support projects in applied science and science education.

✓ January 27, 1969 – fourth SONA, funds were allocated to private universities and urged them to create courses in science, technology, and research.

✓ April 6, 1968 – he proclaimed 35 hectares in Bicutan, Taguig, Rizal as the site of the Philippine science community

✓ January 26, 1970 – fifth SONA, emphasis on the enhancement and improvement of science curricula
1. Philippine coconut research institute was integrated with NSDB to upgrade the coconut industry
2. the NSDB also established the Philippine textile research institute

Question 21

FIFTH REPUBLIC

Answer 21

• CORAZON AQUINO
  o ExecutiveOrder no.128
  –“Reorganization of The National Science and Technology Authority”, (TAPI)

o Republic act 6655 – encouraging children who had passion in science and technology to study for free

• FIDEL V. RAMOS
  o In1993,ScienceandTechnologyAgenda for National Development (STAND) was established which prioritized the following areas:
  ▪ Coconut industry development
  ▪ Magna Carta for Science and
  Technology Personnel (Republic Act No. 8439)
  ▪ The Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines (Republic Act No.8293)
• JOSEPH ESTRADA
  ▪ Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999
  (Republic Act No. 8749) protect and preserve the environment

▪ Electronic Commence Act of 2000 (Republic Act No. 8792) which ban computer hacking

• GLORIA MACAPAGAL-ARROYO
  o “golden age” era
  ▪ R.A. 9367 or the “biofuels” act.

BENIGNO AQUINO III
o four new national scientists for their contribution in the scientific field,
▪ ACADEMICIANS GAVINO C. TRONO – seaweed species
▪ ANGEL C. ALCALA – Advocate of coral reefs
▪ RAMON C. BARBA – Changes seasonal supply of fresh fruits
▪ EDGARDO D. GOMEZ – national- scale assessment of damage corals

INFLUENCES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES
- RODRIGO DUTERTE
o Balik Scientist act.
returning Filipino experts, scientist, inventors, and engineers.
▪ 189 scientists per Million, Balik Scientist program.