3rd - Chapter 8 (pp. 257-262)

Question 1

Moral entrepreneurs

Answer 1

interest groups that attempt to control social life and the legal order for the purpose of promoting their own set of moral values

Question 2

Social distance

Answer 2

a person can be labelled as deviant because of the differences in power between the labeller and the person labelled; such differences are typically those of race, class, and ethnicity

Question 3

master status

Answer 3

an identity that overrides all others, such as drug dealer being a more important status than citizen

Question 4

dramatization of evil

Answer 4

In Tannenbaum’s pioneering study of labelling, the process whereby the reaction to deviance sets up a feedback effect that the individual internalizes

Question 5

primary deviance

Answer 5

according to Lemert, deviant acts that go undetected or unsanctioned, and thus do not help redefine the self and public image of the offender

Question 6

secondary deviance

Answer 6

according to Lemert, deviant acts that are sanctioned, after which the deviant label becomes a basis for personal identity

Question 7

reflective role-taking

Answer 7

the experience in which youths who view themselves as delinquent give an inner-voice to their perceptions of how significant others feel about them

Question 8

reflected appraisal

Answer 8

according to Matsueda and Heimer, a youth’s self-evaluation that is based on his or her perceptions of how others evaluate him or her