3rd - Chapter 8 (pg 245-250)

Question 1

Differential association (DA) theory

Answer 1

according to Sutherland, the principle that criminal acts are related to a person’s exposure to an excess amount of antisocial attitudes and values

Question 2

Differential reinforcement theory

Answer 2

in social learning theory, the view that crime is a type of learned behaviour, combining differential association with elements of psychological learning

Question 3

Neutralization theory

Answer 3

a view that offenders adhere to conventional values while drifting into periods of crime by neutralizing those values

Question 4

Subterranean values

Answer 4

in neutralization theory, immorality that is entrenched in the culture but is otherwise publicly condemned

Question 5

Drift

Answer 5

according to Matza, the movement of youth in and out of delinquency because their lifestyles can embrace both conventional and deviant values

Question 6

Techniques of neutralization

Answer 6

a strategy of cognitive dissonance used by deviants to counteract moral constraints so they may drift into criminal acts