3B physiology of the liver P2 Flashcards
what is the most important drug motabolism enzyme system in the liver
Cytochrome P450
what are the three major types of ketones bodies does the body produce
- beta hydroxybutyric acid
- acetoacetic acid
- acetone
what is the basic purpose of drug metabolism in the body
make drugs less active and more water soluble
where can cytochrome P450/phase I enzymes be found
predominant in the liver, but can also be found in the intestines, lungs, and other organs
cytocrhome P450 enzymes are designated by the letters “____” followed by an ______ ______
CYP, Arabic numeral, a letter and another arabic numeral (CYP2D6)
what is the most common and most important conjugation reaction
Glucoronidation
what does to much iron in the liver cause
bronzing of skin
what is a conjugation reaction
designed to make metabolites more polar or hydrophilic
what percentage of drugs are metabolized by the liver
about 90%
what are the major types of plasma proteins
- albumin
- globulin
- fibrinogen
what phase involves the p450 enzymes
Phase I
essentially all the _____ and _______ as well as 50-80% of _____ are formed in the liver. the remainder of the globulins are formed almost entirely by the lymphoid tissue.
albumin, fibrinogen, globulin
what blood clotting factors are synthesized in the liver
I, II, V, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII
what are the organic constituents of bile
- bile salts (50%)
- phospholipids (40%)
- chelesterol ( 4%)
- pile pigments such as bilirubin (2%)
bile also contains _____ and ______, which are secreted by cells lining the bile ducts
electrolytes, water
