2C anatomy, physiology and pathology of the pancreas Flashcards
the production of insulin and glucagon; plasma glucose regulation
endocrine pancreas
involved in the production of pancreatic juice
exocrine pancreas
- source of HCO3-
- source of many digestive enzymes
pancreatic juice travels from the pancreas to the duodenum via the
main pancreatic duct
how much pancreatic juice is produced each day
1500ml
what is the avarage pH in the duodenum
pH of 6.0 - 7
what are the 9 enzymes included in the pancreas juice
1) pancreatic amylase
2) pancreatic lipase
3) colipase
4) trypsinogen
5) chymotrypsinogen
6) procarboxypeptide
7) proelastase
8) ribonuclease
9) deoxyriboneclease
where does bile originate from
liver or the kidney
proteases of the pancreatic juice are secreted as ______ ______
inactive “pro-enzymes”
trypsinogen is converted to the active enzyme _______ by the brush border enzyme _______ when the pancreatic juice enters the duodenum
Trypsin, enterokinase (also known as enteropeptidase)
trypsin converts chymotrypsinogen into active _________, Procarboxypeptidase into active ________ and proelastase into ________
chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidases, elastase
enterokinase deficiency can occur as a ______ ______ which leads to ________ _________
congenital abnormality, protein malnutrition
why are trypsin inhibitors necessary
in case trypsin is activated within the pancreas
what two hormones are the main control of secretion of pancreatic juice
secretin and CCK
what is used to diagnose acute pancreatitis
measurement of the plasma pancreatic amylase of pancreatic lipase (inflammation of necrosis of pancreatic acinar cells)
what do most cases of pancreatitis result from
Gallstones or alcohol abuse
fat necrosis is a symptom of what
enzyme autodigestion that produce fatty deposits in the abdominal cavity with hemorrhage from the necrotic vessels
what is the most common initial symptom of pancreatitis
severe epigastric and abdominal pain and radiates to the back
what is the most common symptom in patients with exocrine pancreatic cancer
pain, jaundice, weight loss
where are the mojority of pancreatic cancers located
60-70% are localized to the head of the pancreas
20-25% are in the bady and tail, rest involves the whole pancreas
what are the three major risk factors for pancreatic cancer
- cigarette smoking
- high body mass and lack of physical activity
- history of chronic pancreatitis
what percentage of patients with pancreatic cancer have familial aggregation (first degree relative
5-10%
what is the most common lethal genetic diseases among whites
cystic fibrosis
what causes cystic fibrosis
defect of Cl- channels due to the metation inf the cystic fibrosis transmambrane conductance regulator gene
what are the clinical manifestation of cystic fibrosis
- chronic pulmonary disease
- pancreatic insufficiency
- miconium ileus
