3b. Garibaldis Southern Takeover 1860 Flashcards
When did Garabaldi invade Sicily
11th May 1860
Where did Garabaldi land in Sicily
Marsala
Where had the bourbon army gone just as Garabaldi arrived in Marsala
Sailed southwards the previous night
Where did Garabaldi march to from Marsala
Palermo
When did Garabaldi reach Palermo for 3 days of street fighting
26th May 1860
How many Sicilian troops was Garabaldi up against
20,000
What fighting tactics did Garabaldi use in Sicily
Guerrilla
When was the armistice signed for Sicily
2nd June 1860
The thousand landed in Sicily and their ranks swelled with
New Sicilian recruits
What was Garabaldis nickname in the south given to him by the Piedmontese
Dictator of the south
Who were the thousand
Volunteers who rallied around Garabaldi/ mostly students from Lombardyb/ willing to spill blood in name of Italy
One reason Garabaldi defeated the Bourbons in Sicily was their weakness. How were they weak
Poorly motivated conscripts/ gov was unpopular and weak in 1860/ in financial cris/ unsettling death of Ferdinand II 1859 and Francescos succession
What was Cavours reaction to Garabaldi in Sicily
New gov in Sicily worried Cavour because of the prominence of Mazzinians such as Crispi/ knew ultimate goal was Rome/ worried he would go to Naples and didn’t want unification/ anger the French/ Garabaldi was popular
Who did Cavour send to Sicily to claim annexation to Piedmont, but came back empty handed after being expelled from Sicily in 1860
La Farina
Who did Garabaldi made secularly of state in Sicily
Francesco Crispi
What were some of Garabaldis reforms in Sicily
Abolished unpopular milling tax/ common land divided / titles such as “your excellency” (assault of feudal system)/ investment into education/ looting prohibited/ confiscating church property
What was bad about Garabaldis reforms in Sicily
Raised expectations and was slow/ pushed people into banditry
At first Garabaldi was on the peasants side in Sicily. What did he do to get landowner support
Suppressed peasant revolts
Why did Garabaldi want landowner support
Stability to launch mainland assault
Why didn’t Garabaldi hand over Sicily to Piedmont
Thought he would loose power to attack Naples
What law did Garabaldi introduce in Sicily
Piedmontese law
How did the British show sympathy for the Italian cause/ Garabaldis expedition
Royal Navy oversaw his crossing at Messina
What were the weaknesses of Francesco II
Formed a liberal ministry late 1860 and restored 1848 constitution/ failed to convince his subjects his political conversion was authentic
What was the slogan for Garabaldi invading Naples
In the name of “VE and Italy”
How many did Garabaldi invade Naples with
3000
Why was Garabaldi able to walk into Naples and take it with no fight
Bourbon army in dissary and retreat Naples
What was Garabaldi greeted with in Naples
Wildly enthusiastic crowds
What did Cavour try and do to prevent Garabaldi from getting Naples with his navy officer
Charged officer of Navy to organize pro-Piedmont insurrection before Garabaldi arrived/ failed because people of Naples were not interested
What did Cavour do promoted by Louis Napoleon in regards to Naples
Asked for alliance with bourbons against Garabaldi, while simultaneously trying to organize an insurrection against bourbons that would justify Piedmont intervention
What was Cavour prepared to accept regards to Italian unification and what was he not
Entertain unification/ not as a democratic Italy/ wanted unite north to wealthy political entity
What was cavours type of nationalism
Piedmontese nationalist/ confined to only wanting to expel Austrians from L+V/ conservative nationalism in north shown through NS/ nationalism with stability
What shows Cavour didn’t care very much about unification from plomiberes
Gave away nice and savoy even though he didn’t have to
Who said the creative mind behind the decisions at plomibers was Cavour rather than Napoleon
Harry Hearder
What was Garabaldis and cavours relationship like
No personal chemistry/ Cavour did not like idealism/ Garabaldi didn’t like Cavours “intellectual air”
What political policies did Garabaldi and Cavour disagree on
Cavour rejected the democratic element of the Risorgimento that Garabaldi supported
When did Garabaldi and Cavour first meet
December 1858
For Cavour, what did it mean to support Garabaldi and what did it mean to oppose him
To support- alienate France and moderate opinion in Piedmont/ To oppose- offend national society/ make his gov unpopular at home/ seen to be restraining action undertaken in the Italian interest
Who said that Cavour was determined at all costs to prevent unification it it meant democratic forces would take power
Mack smith
Why was the question of wether to intervene with Garabaldi a difficult one for Cavour
Elections due in May 1860 / Cavour didn’t want Garabaldi to damage his political prospects in any way
When did Garabaldi and VE first meet
March 1859
What was the relationship between Garabaldi and VE like
Reported to get on well/ both preferred direct action and not frustrating wheels of diplomacy
Why was Garabaldi prepared to act in the name of the king
On the understanding he was doing so for the benefit of Italy
One example of Garabaldi listening to VE
Had means to threaten Rome in wake of villafranca 1859/ listened to king and did not invade despite Mazzini encouraging otherwise
When did Mazzini accept VE as leader and how was this significant for nationalist
March 1860/ tempered the reluctance of the mazzinians among the thousand
What did Cavour suspect of VE in regards to Garabaldi
He supported his adventures
