1848+49 Revolution Causes Flashcards
What were the social-economic reasons for revolution
Chorea 1836 / tobacco riots/ European famine 1846-47/ living conditions/ land enclosure
When were the Europe wide bad harvests that caused famine and high food prices
1846 and 1847
What was Naples life expectancy in the 1840’s
24
How much of Italy’s population was peasantry
90%
How did land enclosure anger the peasants in the south
Taken common land from peasants and their response was violence
What is one area in the south where there was land enclosure
Calabria
What Italian city had bad housing and overcrowding
Milan
All of these distinct problems in all of the Italian states…..
Fed the desire for revolt by 1848
When was the Sicilian cholera outbreak
1836
How many people did cholera kill in Sicily
1/10th of the population or (65,000)
What was the belief linking cholera to Ferdinand II
Somehow disease was in someway connected to neopolition mis-rule
What were the causes of revolution outbreak in Sicily
Mixture of lack of political debate/ brutal administration and miserable living conditions
How much money did the Austrians make off Lombardy and Venetia
1/3 tax revenue
Was was the catalyst for revolution breaking out in Lombardy
the boycotts did not precipitate an upbringing itself but it created the conditions for when Metternich resigned as foreign minister in March that revolution was triggered
What was the one reason for uprising that nationalists agreed on
Expelling the Austrians
What were the areas under direct Austrian rule
Lombardy and Venetia
What caused resentment in Lombardy and Venetia against the Austrians
High taxation
Which states wanted a constitution
Sicily/ Naples/ Piedmont/ Tuscany and Pope granted constitution
What was the demand for wanting a constitution precipitated by
The Statuto 1847/ served as a driving force for other states wanting a constitution
What were some Pius IX reforms
Releases political prisoners 1846/ appoints Gizzi as secretary of state / press censorship ended/ consulta 1847
How many political prisoners did the Pope release
2,000
What did people chant in the streets after Pius release political prisoners
“Oh supreme Pius”
How could Pius be seen to extend a hand of reconciliation to the liberals
He released prisoners and granted amnesty for political offenses
When was press censorship ended in the Papal States
1847
When was the consulta set up in the Papal States
1847
What did the Roman consulta do
Advise the papacy on how to run the states- to liberals this was the first step to a parliament they wanted
How was press censorship handled in the Papal States under Pius’s reforms
Overtaken by a committee of laymen/ this allowed relatively free press
