3a. Second War Of Indepedance

Question 1

When was the national society founded

Answer 1

1857

Question 2

Who was the national society founded by

Answer 2

Group of exited living in Piedmont including Giuseppe La Farina and Danielle Manin

Question 3

How many members did the National society have by 1857

Answer 3

8000

Question 4

How many volunteers did the National society provide for Cavour against Austria

Answer 4

20,000

Question 5

Why did the National society suit Cavour/ why did he allow it to grow

Answer 5

Their type of nationalism was conservative/ was pragmatic rather than radical and ideological/ limited to concept of northern unification/ their nationalism became associated with political stability which Garabaldis wasn’t

Question 6

What did the National society use their networks for

Answer 6

Nationalistic Propaganda and promotion

Question 7

What were the aims of the National society

Answer 7

Promote the cause of national unity within Piedmont/ encourage nationalism along peninsula to accept Piedmont rule

Question 8

What did Cavour want in terms of nationalism

Answer 8

A United northern Italian state, economically powerful and free from Austrian dominance

Question 9

What was the name of the newspaper circulated by the National society

Answer 9

Il Piccola Corriere D’Italia

Question 10

How many copies of Il Piccola Corriere D’Italia were circulating by the late 1850’s

Answer 10

4,000

Question 11

What was the means through which the national society promoted nationalism

Answer 11

Pamphlets/ newspapers/ posters/ “modern” methods of persuasion/ handed pamphlets out publicly

Question 12

What were the national society’s pamphlets printed in batches of

Answer 12

Bathes of 3000+ and distributed

Question 13

Who said that “through their publishing activities, the national society played a crucial part in creating a common nationalistic outlook amongst its members”

Answer 13

Lucy Rial in her Bibliography of Garabaldi (2007)

Question 14

What influence did the national society have on the middle class

Answer 14

Made concept of nationalism respectable and fashionable

Question 15

Why did the national society also appeal to mazzinians

Answer 15

Were even prepared to rally behind the Piedmontese monarchy as a means of promoting an Italian nation state

Question 16

Why was the national society a turning point for nationalism

Answer 16

New nationalism/before this it had been for a unified state and now this pushed for just northern

Question 17

Why did Napoleon take up the nationalistic cause

Answer 17

Draw diplomatic profit/ further dynastic ambitions/ replace Austrian dominance/ French imperialist/ gain client state

Question 18

What did elections in May 1857 show in France

Answer 18

Napoleon was becoming increasingly unpopular

Question 19

What is the critical view of why Napoleon got involved in Italy

Answer 19

Felt he could gain support back home through successful foreign policy in Italy

Question 20

What was napoleons view of a unified Italy

Answer 20

Federation with the pope at its head

Question 21

How was the congress of Paris significant for relations between France and Italy

Answer 21

Dialogue was maintained through intermediates Napoleons nephew (Jerome) and Cavours assistant/ Napoleon grateful for Piedmont help in Crimea/ built close working relationship

Question 22

When was the congress of Paris

Answer 22

1856

Question 23

What shows that Napoleon showed enthusiasm for the romantic notion of Italy Liberty

Answer 23

He supported the Rome uprising in 1831

Question 24

When was the Orsini affair

Answer 24

14th January 1858

Question 25

What was the Orsini affair

Answer 25

4 Italians attempt to assassinate Napoleon on the way to the opera

Question 26

What did Orsini write in his prison letter that is said to have “sparked Napoleons consciousness into action”

Answer 26

“25 million citizens would follow him to prosperity”

Question 27

How many people were killed and injured in the Orsini affair

Answer 27

Injured 50 and killed several

Question 28

What is the assumption that Napoleon used the Orsini affair for

Answer 28

A romantic cover for furthering his ambitions

Question 29

When was Plombiers

Answer 29

1858

Question 30

What were the terms at plombieres

Answer 30

Kingdom of upper Italy/ central Italy/ Rome under pope and leads Italian confederacy/ Napoleon gets Nice and Savoy for 200,000/ Naples untouched/ Jerome marries princess Clotilde

Question 31

Why did Napoleon want to leave Naples alone at Plombieres

Answer 31

Not anger bourbons who were allied to Russia

Question 32

What was the name of VE daughter

Answer 32

Princess Clotilde

Question 33

What did Plombieres show about Cavour’s nationalism

Answer 33

He was obviously not a nationalist in terms of a unified peninsula

Question 34

How did Plombieres show Cavour as an opportunist

Answer 34

Willing to compromise to achieve northern liberty/ major diplomatic achievement for Cavour

Question 35

What did Harry Hearder say

Answer 35

The creative mind behind the decisions reached at Plombiers as Cavours rather than Napoleons

Question 36

What had Cavour learnt from 1848-1849

Answer 36

Piedmont could not dominate the northern without foreigners help to expel the Austrians

Question 37

Why was giving away Nice harder to justify than giving away Savoy

Answer 37

Savoy- most spoke French | Nice- Italian dialect so Cavour was aware of the reaction nationalists would have

Question 38

When did Piedmont mobilize troops on Austrian boarder

Answer 38

March 1859

Question 39

When did the Austrian foreign minister announce Piedmont had 3 days to demobilize troops

Answer 39

23rd April 1859

Question 40

When did Austria declare war on Piedmont and invade

Answer 40

29th April 1859

Question 41

How many troops had Cavour promised to match Napoleons 200,000 with

Answer 41

100,000

Question 42

What was the final number of the Piedmontese army

Answer 42

60,000

Question 43

Why did Piedmont have a lack of troops

Answer 43

Reserves Cavour had hoped to mobilize did not exist

Question 44

How did war stir unrest in the Duchies

Answer 44

In May, the National society engineered revolutions in Tuscany, Parma and Modena. Rulers fled and provisional governments set up

Question 45

Who manipulated the uprisings in the central duchies in 1859

Answer 45

National society

Question 46

When was there a popular demonstration and provisional gov set up in Florence

Answer 46

April 1859

Question 47

Who created the provisional government in Florence April 1859

Answer 47

Baron Bettino Ricasoli

Question 48

What did Ricasoli in Florence ask Piedmont for

Answer 48

Union

Question 49

What happened in June 1859

Answer 49

Insurrection in the papal states

Question 50

How did the national society show some conservatism in Bolgena

Answer 50

Piedmontese commissioners moved into restore the government after insurrection/ commissioners were members of NS

Question 51

war with northern Italy was unpopular among European powers/ what did Prussia and Britain think

Answer 51

Prussia- sympathetic to Austria | Britain- PM and foreign secretary didn’t want war despite being sympathetic

Question 52

Why were the British wary of the war with Austria and Italy being allied to France

Answer 52

Austrian domination would just be replaced with French

Question 53

When was Victor Emmanuelas speech

Answer 53

12th December 1858

Question 54

What did VE say in his speech

Answer 54

The threat “for while we respect treaties we are not insensitive to the cry of grief that reaches us from so many parts of Italy”

Question 55

How did VE speech encourage nationalsim

Answer 55

Used the word Italy