1b. 1848-49 Revolutions Events Flashcards
What is the order of events of the revolutions (6)
- Sicily January
- Naples January
- Tuscany February
- Rome February
- Lombardy March
- Venetia March
What was Revolution caused by in Sicily
Ferdinand II repressive rule/ cholera 1836
When was the cholera outbreak in Sicily
1836
What constitution did the Sicilians call for
1812 constitution
How was the Sicilian revolution put down
September- Ferdinand sends 20,000/ parliament surrender after 3 days intense bombardment
When did Ferdinand II abolish the Sicilian government and their army disband
March 1849
What gave Ferdinand the nickname King Bomba
September 1848- Intense bombardment of Sicilian parliament for 3 days
How did the revolution in Sicily kick off in January
Posters put up and clashes with troops/ peasants arrive in city to support/ soon city taken over and restoration of the 1812 constitution
When did revolutionaries establish a provisional gov in Sicily
April 1848
What type of people established the Sicilian gov
Middle class moderates
Where did revolution break out in Naples
Salermo
Who launches the uprising in Naples
Secret societies
What constitution was demanded in Naples
1820 constitution
Ferdinand yielded to the revolutionaries in Naples. He appointed a more liberal ministry. Who led this ministry
Nicola Marsea
What was Ferdinand convinced to do after he conceded to the revolutionaries
17,000 troops to Charles Albert/ break diplomatic ties with Austria/ King agrees to 2 chamber parliament/ free press
When did King Ferdinand loose interest in reform in Naples
August 1848
Who was the Duke of Tuscany
Grand Duke Leopold
What were the events in Tuscany
Duke grants conservative constitution/ forced to appoint a more democratic government/ atmosphere becomes more radical/ Duke flees
The atmosphere in Tuscany becomes more radical. What did the people/ government want
War with Austria
When and why did Duke Ferdinand come back to Tuscany after running away in 1848
April 1849- depart of Piedmont/ moderates regain upper hand in Tuscany/ Duke returns
What happened during the 5 glorious days in Lombardy March 1848
10,000 present petition for liberal reforms to Austria governor in Milan
What 2 states asked Piedmont for help
Lombardy and Venetia
How many soldiers did Ferdinand send to Charles Albert
17,000
What are the events of Lombardy
Five glorious days (petition)/ barricades go up between Austrians and anti-Austrians/ asks Piedmont for alliance against Austrian backlash
What did the radicals vs the moderates want in Lombardy
Moderates- union with Piedmont
Radicals- federation of Italian states
When is Piedmont expelled from Lombardy
August 1848
When was the Venetian republic declared
March 1848
Who lead the Venetian republic
Daniel Manin
Why did Venetia get taken back over by the Austrians in 1849
Venetia became isolated after Piedmont retreat. Republic forced to surrender due to hunger and outbreak of cholera
What was the tabacoo boycott in Lombardy
Citizens stops being tabacoo because of Austria’s monopoly and exploitation over it. This soon turns to a riot where people attack Austrians
How was Lombardy able to make a provisional government
Radetzky pulls back out of Lombardy to the quadrilateral
When was Venetia put back under Austrian control
August 1849
When was the Roman Republic established
February 1849
When did the Pope issue his allocation of the war with Austria
April 1848
Who does the Pope appoint as his prime minister in September 1848 who was killed in November
Count Rossi
After the Pope flees when Rossi is killed, a provisional government is set up. Who was this under
Giuseppe Galletti
What were some reforms under the Roman republic 1849 when Mazzini arrives
Clears slums/ reforms laws/ ends church control of press and education
When did the Pope ask foreigners for support in getting back Rome
April 1849
How many troops did Napoleon send to Rome
20,000
How long did the French siege of Rome last
2 months
What date did French troops enter Rome
July 3rd
How many followers escaped from Rome with Garibaldi
400 followers
Why did Charles Albert declare war on Austria
If he did not intervene revolution may spread to Piedmont/ Lombardy was ripe for annexation/ Metternich resigns and Austria is weak/ thought Austria wouldn’t fight for it
When did Metternich resigne
March 1848
What date did Piedmont declare war on Austria
March 22nd
Who were the 2 generals who came to help Charles Albert from Naples and the Papal States
Naples- General Guglielmo Pepe [17,000]
Papal States- General Giacono Durango [against orders]
When was Piedmont defeated at Custozza
July 1848
When was Piedmont defeated at Novora
March 1849
Charles Albert tried again at Novora after being defeated at Custozza 1848. Why was this
His generals persuaded him/ hoped it would silence the republicans back home
Why was Piedmont’s defeat at Novora in March 1849 significant
Marked the end of Piedmontese ambition/ crushing blow for the nationalists
When was peace signed between Austria and Piedmont
July 1849
How much was Piedmont forced to pay in war reperations to Austria
65million francs
What does “fare da se” mean
Do it alone
Why was Piedmont’s defeat in the War of independence significant for lessons
CA had famously claimed Italy could do it alone/ military defeat in 1848+49 proved him wrong/ needed foreigners to defeat Austrians militarily
Where did revolution start in Naples
Salerno that’s was racked with famine
Why didn’t revolution break out in Naples city
People there were loyal to the king
What had CA famously claimed
“Fare de sa” - would go it alone/ meaning Italy did not need foreign help
What did the first Italian war of independence/ revolution show to Italy
It needed foreign input to defeat the Austrians
