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Inorganic > 3A Transition Metals > Flashcards

3A Transition Metals Flashcards

1
Q

Hybridization of atomic orbitals based on

A

Orbital theory

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2
Q

Hybridization of atomic orbitals in relation to VBT

A

Expansion of valence bond theory

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3
Q

LCAO

A

Linear combination of atomic orbitals

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4
Q

What AOs can be hybridized

A

Only atomic orbitals on the same atom

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5
Q

x AOs =

A

x hybrid AOs

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6
Q

An electrostatic model that predicts that the d orbitals in a metal complex are not degenerate

A

Crystal field theory

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7
Q

The pattern of splitting of the d orbitals depends on

A

The crystal field

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8
Q

Crystal field determined by

A

Arrangement and type of ligands

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9
Q

Δoct for high spin

A

< P

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10
Q

Δoct for low spin

A

> P

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11
Q

Square planar is ___ favorable

A

Electronically for d8 configurations

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12
Q

Tetrahedral is ____ favorable

A

Sterically

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13
Q

Attraction between positive metal ion and negative ligand

A

Electrostatic model

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14
Q

Electrostatic has repulsion between…

A

Metal d electrons and negative ligand charge

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15
Q

Why is there repulsion in electrostatic

A

Ligand field changes d orbital energies making them no longer degenerate and inducing splitting

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16
Q

Needed to understand geometry

A

VB theory

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17
Q

Needed to explain covalency

A

MO Theory

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18
Q

Geometrical distortion of compounds caused by unequal occupation of degenerate orbitals

A

Jahn Teller effect

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19
Q

JT says that decreasing molecular symmetry ___ energy of occupied orbitals and ___ energy of unoccupied

A

Lowers, increases

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20
Q

What type of symmetry stabilizes compounds

A

Lower symmetry

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21
Q

CFT OR LFT: Based on VB theory and ionic thinking

A

CFT

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22
Q

CFT OR LFT: Says ligands are negative electrostatic point charges

A

CFT

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23
Q

CFT OR LFT: Repulsion between d electrons and ligands

A

CFt

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24
Q

CFT OR LFT: Only considers d orbitals

A

CFt

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25
Q

CTT OR LFT: Applies MO theory (Bond: AO to MO)

A

LFT

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26
Q

CFT OR LFT: Ligand orbitals are combined with metal orbitals

A

LFt

27
Q

CFT OR LFT: Electron sharing

A

LFT

28
Q

CFT OR LFT: Considers metal s, p, and d orbitals

A

LFT

29
Q

Which is more precise and complex: CFT or LFT

A

LFT

30
Q

SALC of AO to MO

A

Symmetry adapted linear combination of atomic orbitals to molecular orbitals

31
Q

Order of increasing Δo

A

π donor, weak π donor, no π effects, π acceptor

32
Q

Ion or molecule that binds to a central metal atom in a coordination complex

A

Ligand

33
Q

Ligand binding typically occurs through

A

Electron donor atoms with lone pairs

34
Q

In some cases ligands bind to central atoms through

A

Electron acceptor atoms with empty valence orbitsls

35
Q

Organometallic compounds include

A

C metal bond

36
Q

Method A of counting electrons in a complex: ionic or donor pair method

A

X is an ionic, donates 2e. L is neutral, donates 2e. Z accepts 2e

37
Q

Method B of counting electrons: Covalent or neutral ligand method

A

X is neutral, donates 1E. L is neutral, donates 2e. Z is neutral, accepts 2e

38
Q

Denticity means that

A

Ligands with multiple donor atoms can form multiple bonds and have multiple possible binding modes

39
Q

Monodentate K1

A

Binding through one donor stom

40
Q

Bi/didentate K2

A

Binding through two donor atoms

41
Q

Hapticity means that

A

Coordination of a ligand to a coordination center via an uninterrupted and contiguous series of atoms

42
Q

Two hapto η2

A

Binding through two contiguous atoms

43
Q

Bridging

A

Ligand with multiple donor atoms or donor atom with multiple lone pairs that connects multiple coordination centers

44
Q

μ

A

Bridging two centers

45
Q

μ3

A

Bridging three centers

46
Q

Complex with more unpaired electrons

A

High spin

47
Q

Which complex is more magnetic

A

High spin

48
Q

Which complex has stronger colors and why

A

Low spin because of electronic transitions

49
Q

Strong field ligands act as…

A

Lewis acids, donating electron pairs to both ground and excited states

50
Q

How many VE does octahedral usually have

A

18

51
Q

How many VE does square planar usually have

A

16

52
Q

When is Jahn Teller distortion not likely to happen

A

When the occupation of orbitals is equal to

53
Q

What d electron count favors square planar

A

d8

54
Q

Why is tetrahedral more likely to be paramagnetic

A

Generally has weaker splitting because ligands further apart increasing the number of unpaired electrons

55
Q

Is square planar usually high or low spin

A

Low because stronger splitting and more pairing

56
Q

Square planar diamagnetic or paramagnetic?

A

Usually diamagnetic because stronger splitting leads to more electron pairing because it is low spin

57
Q

How is helium generated in the earths crust

A

Radioactive decay of heavy metals producing alpha particles

58
Q

Only known molecular compound of krypton that can be isolated

A

KrF2

59
Q

When is something likely to be redox active

A

When there are multiple oxidation states available

60
Q

A ligand that is charged is probably an

A

X type

61
Q

A ligand that is neutral is probably an

A

L type

62
Q

oxidation of hard metals

A

high oxidation, probably 1st row transition

63
Q

soft metals have ___ oxidation

A

low oxidation, probably 2nd and 3rd row transitions

64
Q

a transition metal in a complex has all of its valence electrons in

A

d orbitals

Inorganic (16 decks)

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