1C Chemical Rxn

Question 1

What is a chemical reaction

Answer 1

Transformation of chemical compounds. The making and breaking of bonds and movement of electrons

Question 2

Legendre transformation formula

Answer 2

ΔG = ΔH - TΔS

Question 3

Arrhenius acid base

Answer 3

Acid donates H base donates OH

Question 4

Bronsted acid base

Answer 4

Acid donates H base accepts H

Question 5

Lewis acid base

Answer 5

Acid accepts electron pair, base donates electron pair

Question 6

pKa =

Answer 6

-log10Ka

Question 7

pKa + pKb =

Answer 7

14

Question 8

Any acid that is stronger than H3O+ will react with H2O to form

Answer 8

H3O+

Question 9

Strongest acid that exists in water

Answer 9

H3O+

Question 10

Bell’s rule

Answer 10

pKa is approximately equal to 8-5n

Question 11

Amphoteric

Answer 11

Oxide or hydroxide acts as either an acid or a base

Question 12

Solubility

Answer 12

Like dissolves like

Question 13

Volume of very soluble

Answer 13

Less than 1 mL/g

Question 14

Freely soluble

Answer 14

1 - 10 mL/g

Question 15

Volume soluble

Answer 15

10 - 30 mL/g

Question 16

Volume sparingly soluble

Answer 16

30 - 100 mL/g

Question 17

Slightly soluble volume

Answer 17

100 - 1000

Question 18

Very slightly soluble

Answer 18

1000 - 10000

Question 19

Volume insoluble

Answer 19

More than 10,000

Question 20

For low solubility [AaBb]

Answer 20

~ constant

Question 21

Form more stable complexes with hard bases (hard ligands)

Answer 21

Hard acids ( hard metal cations)

Question 22

Show a preference for soft bases (soft ligands)

Answer 22

Soft acids (soft metal cations)

Question 23

If salt MX is added to an aqueous solution containing the solute MY, the presence of dissolved Mn+ ions suppresses the dissolution of MX compared with that in pure water

Answer 23

Common ion effect. The ion M n+ is common to both salts

Question 24

Example of amphoteric

Answer 24

Aluminum hydroxide Al(OH)3

Question 25

Loss of electrons

Answer 25

Oxidation

Question 26

Gain of electrons

Answer 26

Reduction

Question 27

Aqueous acid conditions

Answer 27

Balance with water and H+

Question 28

Aqueous basic conditions

Answer 28

Balance with water and OH-

Question 29

Relationship between G K U for thermodynamically favorable reaction

Answer 29

ΔU > 0, ΔG < 0, K > 1

Question 30

Nernst equation

Answer 30

Ox + ze- to Redox

Question 31

K > 1 favors

Answer 31

products

Question 32

K < 1 favors

Answer 32

reactants

Question 33

relationship between G and K

Answer 33

ΔG = -RT x ln(K)

Question 34

In an acid base reaction, the K constant can only be influenced by

Answer 34

temperature

Question 35

higher pKa is more or less acidic

Answer 35

less

Question 36

hydrolysis process

Answer 36

chemical itself is not an acid but reacts with water to become an acid

Question 37

how do you lower the solubility of a salt!

Answer 37

add one of its ions

Question 38

arrhenius vs bronsted acid

Answer 38

arrhenius donates H to water, bronsted donates H to anything

Question 39

Which elements for superoxides?

Answer 39

Only heavy Alkalis: K, Rb, Cs

Question 40

Which elements form peroxides?

Answer 40

H, Na, Ba

Question 41

oxide oxidation number

Answer 41

-2

Question 42

peroxide oxidation number

Answer 42

-1

Question 43

superoxide oxidation number

Answer 43

-1/2

Question 44

which is easily polarized: hard or soft?

Answer 44

soft

Question 45

soft lewis acids usually have

Answer 45

high electronegativity, large radii, low charge (+1 or +2)

Question 46

hard lewis acids usually have

Answer 46

low electronegativity and small radii, high charge (>+2)

Question 47

soft lewis bases usually have

Answer 47

low electronegativity, large radii

Question 48

hard lewis bases usually have

Answer 48

high electronegativity, small radii