2C Main Group Elements Flashcards
Most abundant elements in life
Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus
Most abundant elements on earth
Oxygen, silicon, aluminum
Most abundant elements in universe
Hydrogen, helium, oxygen
Protium composition
Hydrogen with one e one p
Deuterium composition
Hydrogen with one e one p one n
Tritium composition
Hydrogen with one e one p two n
Use for alkali metals
Reducing reagents, drying reagents
What alkali metal can react with nitrogen?
Lithium because it’s the only one hard enough
Where are the triels
Boron group
Where are the tetrels
Carbon group
A state is metastable if
It exists without observable change even though it is thermodynamically unstable with respect to another state
A group of MOs where the energy different between are so small that it behaves as continuous
Band
Occurs when there is a significant energy difference between two bands
Band gap
Incident photons raise electrons from valence band to conduction band
Photovoltaic effect
A material behaves as a semiconductor without addition of a dopant
Intrinsic semiconductor
Semiconductor that requires a dopant
Extrinsic semiconductor
Dopant
An impurity introduced in minute amounts to enhance electrical conductivity
Holes introduced above the energy levels of the valence band
P type
Extra electrons introduced below the energy levels of the conduction band
N type
Closo cluster
Closed
Nido cluster
One vertex missing
Arachno cluster
Two vertices missing
Where are the pnictogens
Nitrogen group
Composition of air
Mainly nitrogen, some oxygen, then other gases
Chemiluminsecent reaction
Reaction accompanied by the emission of light
Accepted order of basicity of phosphines
Cy > Et > Me > Ph > OMe > OPh > Cl > F
Where are the Chalcogens
Oxygen group
Where are the halogens
Fluorine group
Where are the noble gases
Helium group
Hypochlorite
ClO-
Oxidation number ClO-
+1
Point group ClO-
C infinity v
ClO- shape
Linear
ClO- is a good…
Oxidizing agent
Oxidation number ClO2-
+3
Chlorite
ClO2-
Oxidation number ClO3-
+5
Chlorate
ClO3-
Oxidation number ClO4-
+7
Perchlorate
ClO4-
Chlorite point group
C2v
Chlorate point group
C3v
Perchlorate point group
Td
Chlorite shape
Angular
Chlorite is a strong
Oxidizing agent
Which chlorine oxoanion disproportionates
Chlorite
Which chlorine oxoanion is a very weak ligand
Perchlorate
Chlorate shape
Pyrimidal
Perchlorate shape
Tetrahedral
seebeck effect
power generation mode
heat source like a lightbulb
seebeck effect
peltier effect
refrigeration mode
cooling side like a battery
peltier effect
positive ΔH favors which direction
left to right
positive ΔH requires or releases energy?
requires energy to be put in
Lewis basicity and electron withdrawing groups
more electron withdrawing groups = less basic
NX3 is always a
lewis base
relationship between bond order and bond length
higher BO = shorter length
common electron donors
N P O S F Cl
common electron acceptors
B Al Si C
Most common intrinsic semiconductors
Ge and Si