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Digestive > 3A Anatomy of the Liver > Flashcards

3A Anatomy of the Liver Flashcards

1
Q

The liver consists of which four lobes?

A

Right, left, quadrate, and caudate lobes

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2
Q

The lobes are composed of what functional units?

A

Lobules

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3
Q

Which lobe is the largest?

A

Right lobe

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4
Q

T/F The liver is encased in the ribcage?

A

T

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5
Q

What divides the right and left lobes?

A

The falciform ligament

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6
Q

Where is the caudate lobe positioned on the liver?

A

Posterior-superior (not inferior as the word caudate would imply “tail”)

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7
Q

Where is the quadrate lobe in relation to the caudate lobe?

A

Inferior of the caudate lobe

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8
Q

Do the different lobes have different functions?

A

No, they all have the same function

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9
Q

What shape do lobules look like?

A

Hexagon

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10
Q

What do lobules consist of?

A

Rows upon rows of hepatocytes.

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11
Q

How does blood flow past hepatocytes?

A

Via sinusoids from branches of the hepatic portal vein to the central vein of each lobule

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12
Q

What is at the center of the lobule hexagon?

A

Central vein

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13
Q

What separates the lobules?

A

CT

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14
Q

Which lobules have thicker CT, human or pig?

A

Pig

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15
Q

What makes up the poral triads (tetrads really) at the corners of the lobule hexagon?

A

Portal vein branch, hepatic artery branch, bile duct, and lymphatic vessel

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16
Q

The portal system carries blood from where?

A

Intestines

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17
Q

T/F The venous and arterial blood flow in the same direction past the hapatocytes and mix

A

T

18
Q

What does the venous blood carried in the portal vein have a lot of?

A

Nutrients! The liver is the first to see blood that has absorbed nutrients from the intestine

19
Q

What do Kupffer cells do?

A

They are hepatic macrophages so they remove debris such a bacteria and worn out blood cells

20
Q

What are the tiny ducts that run parallel to the sinusoids?

A

Bile canaliculi and drain bile produced by the hepatocytes

21
Q

What are hepatic cords?

A

Hepatocytes arranged into cords separated by adjacent sinusoids

22
Q

T/F The liver has two blood supplies

A

T - oxygenated blood from hepatic artery and deoxygenated by nutriet-rich blood from the hepatic vein

23
Q

Where do the two blood supplies mix in the liver?

A

Liver sinusoids

24
Q

What is the sequence of blood thru the liver and out?

A

Liver sinusoids, central vein, hepatic vein, inferior vena cava,right atrium of heart

25
Q

What are sinusoids lined with?

A

Fenestrated endothelium

26
Q

Does the sinusoid endothelium have an underlying basement membrane?

A

No, therefore the fenestrations permit blood plasma to wash freely over the exposed surfaces of the hepatocytes

27
Q

What is the space of disse?

A

Perisinusoidal space where blood washes freely coming the fenestrations in the sinusoid epithelium

28
Q

T/F Liver capillaries are very leaky

A

T

29
Q

Why are liver capillaries very leaky?

A

So you can supply lots of oxygen and lots of nutrients

30
Q

Why does the liver have a lot of lymphatics?

A

Do drain away the interstitial fluid created the very leaky sinusoidal epithelium

31
Q

What organ has the highest supply of lymphatic vessels than any other organ in the body?

A

Liver

32
Q

What is the interstitial space in the liver called?

A

Space of disse

33
Q

Sinusoidal blood flow is always in what direction?

A

Towards the central vein

34
Q

What happens if excessive amounts of fluid being to transude into the lymph and leak thru the outer surface of the liver capsule directly in to the abdominal cavity?

A

Ascites

35
Q

T/F Healthy men have little or no interperitoneal fluid, but women may normally have as much as 20 mL depending on the phase of the menstrual cycle

A

T

36
Q

Whys is the liver a prime site for the spread of cancerous cells from elsewhere in the body?

A

B/c of its portal blood supply and extensive lymphatic circulation

37
Q

Metastasis of cancer to the liver is especially likely from what three areas?

A

GI tract, breast, and lung

38
Q

What is the first pass effect?

A

Most drugs absorbed from the GI tract enter the portal circulation and encounter the liver before being distributed into general circulation

39
Q

What if a drug has 100% first pass effect?

A

It will be completely filtered out and not get into the arterial blood (you’d have to give it subcutaneously or intramuscular)

40
Q

What is the sequence of the bile flow from the liver?

A

R/L hepatic ducts, common hepatic duct, common bile duct

Digestive (15 decks)

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