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Digestive > 1A Intro > Flashcards

1A Intro Flashcards

1
Q

How long is the GI tract?

A

About 30 feet

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2
Q

What is the GI tract lined with

A

Epithelia

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3
Q

Where does the GI tract begin and end?

A

Mouth to Anus

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4
Q

Why is the GI tract 30 feet in a cadaver but only half of that in a living person?

A

B/c of muscle tone

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5
Q

What are the accessory digestive organs?

A

Salivary glands, pancreas and biliary system (liver and gall bladder)

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6
Q

What is the basic function of the GI tract?

A

Separate ingested food into essential nutrients and unnecessary wastes

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7
Q

What are the four functions of the GI tract?

A

Motility, secretion, digestion, and absorption (MSDA)

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8
Q

T/F The GI tract is its own environment separate from the body

A

T

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9
Q

What is tone?

A

Low level contractions of the smooth muscle in the walls of the GI tract

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10
Q

Why is tone important?

A

To maintain a steady pressure on the contents of the GI tract as well as in preventing its walls from remaining permanently stretched following distenstion

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11
Q

What are the three basic types of motility?

A

Peristalsis, Segmentation (mixing movements), tonic contractions (of sphincters or valves

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12
Q

What is peristalsis completely dependent on?

A

Involuntary Contractions of smooth muscle

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13
Q

What does segmentation promote?

A

Mechanical digestion of food, facilitates absorption by exposing contents to absorbing surfaces of GI tract

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14
Q

Where are sphincters usually found?

A

In b/w different part of the GI tract

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15
Q

What is the pyloric sphincter?

A

separate the stomach from the duodenum

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16
Q

Which sphincter separates the small intestine from the large intestine?

A

Ileocecal sphincter

17
Q

What kind of muscle is the external anal sphincter made of?

A

Skeletal

18
Q

What is the sphincter of Oddi?

A

regulates movement of contents of the common bile duct into the duodenum

19
Q

Do we have any voluntary control of GI motility?

A

Yes, the exceptions are at the ends of the tract - mouth and external anal sphincter

20
Q

What does secretion in the GI tract involve?

A

Diverse processes by which water, electrolytes, and proteins are exported out of cells

21
Q

How many liters of saliva does the body make in typical day? Mucus?

A

1.5 L, 2.0 L

22
Q

What is the purpose of digestion?

A

Break things down and set up for absorption

23
Q

What are the two modes in which digestion can occur?

A

Mechanically (motility) and chemically (enzymes)

24
Q

What is the underlying mechanism of most digestion?

A

Hydrolysis

25
Q

Where does digestion occur mainly?

A

Small intestine and stomach

26
Q

What two problems does absorption solve in the GI tract?

A

Reclamation of fluid and recognition of specific nutrients, vitamins, electrolytes

27
Q

Out of the 9 L entering or secreted into GI tract each day, how much is reclaimed?

A

8.9 Liters, we only lose 100 mL in stools each day

28
Q

Where does the most amount of absorption occur?

A

In the small intestine

29
Q

What does the visceral peritoneum cover?

A

External surfaces of most digestive organs

30
Q

What is the parietal peritoneum?

A

Lining of walls of abdominal cavity

31
Q

What does serous fluid do?

A

Lubricates mobile digestive organs allowing them to glide easily across one another

32
Q

What is peritonitis?

A

inflammation of the peritoneum - from a piercing wound in abdomen, perforating ulcer, or ruptured appendix

33
Q

What is ascites?

A

Accumulation of peritoneal fluid in the abdomen

34
Q

What are peritoneal folds?

A

Large folds that weave between the viscera that usually has fat

35
Q

What is the greater omentum?

A

An adipose wall that hangs loosely from the transverse colon and small intestine

36
Q

What is the mesentery?

A

Found in b/w the small intestine and anchors it to the posterior abdominal wall

Digestive (15 decks)

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