1A Intro

Question 1

How long is the GI tract?

Answer 1

About 30 feet

Question 2

What is the GI tract lined with

Answer 2

Epithelia

Question 3

Where does the GI tract begin and end?

Answer 3

Mouth to Anus

Question 4

Why is the GI tract 30 feet in a cadaver but only half of that in a living person?

Answer 4

B/c of muscle tone

Question 5

What are the accessory digestive organs?

Answer 5

Salivary glands, pancreas and biliary system (liver and gall bladder)

Question 6

What is the basic function of the GI tract?

Answer 6

Separate ingested food into essential nutrients and unnecessary wastes

Question 7

What are the four functions of the GI tract?

Answer 7

Motility, secretion, digestion, and absorption (MSDA)

Question 8

T/F The GI tract is its own environment separate from the body

Answer 8

T

Question 9

What is tone?

Answer 9

Low level contractions of the smooth muscle in the walls of the GI tract

Question 10

Why is tone important?

Answer 10

To maintain a steady pressure on the contents of the GI tract as well as in preventing its walls from remaining permanently stretched following distenstion

Question 11

What are the three basic types of motility?

Answer 11

Peristalsis, Segmentation (mixing movements), tonic contractions (of sphincters or valves

Question 12

What is peristalsis completely dependent on?

Answer 12

Involuntary Contractions of smooth muscle

Question 13

What does segmentation promote?

Answer 13

Mechanical digestion of food, facilitates absorption by exposing contents to absorbing surfaces of GI tract

Question 14

Where are sphincters usually found?

Answer 14

In b/w different part of the GI tract

Question 15

What is the pyloric sphincter?

Answer 15

separate the stomach from the duodenum

Question 16

Which sphincter separates the small intestine from the large intestine?

Answer 16

Ileocecal sphincter

Question 17

What kind of muscle is the external anal sphincter made of?

Answer 17

Skeletal

Question 18

What is the sphincter of Oddi?

Answer 18

regulates movement of contents of the common bile duct into the duodenum

Question 19

Do we have any voluntary control of GI motility?

Answer 19

Yes, the exceptions are at the ends of the tract - mouth and external anal sphincter

Question 20

What does secretion in the GI tract involve?

Answer 20

Diverse processes by which water, electrolytes, and proteins are exported out of cells

Question 21

How many liters of saliva does the body make in typical day? Mucus?

Answer 21

1.5 L, 2.0 L

Question 22

What is the purpose of digestion?

Answer 22

Break things down and set up for absorption

Question 23

What are the two modes in which digestion can occur?

Answer 23

Mechanically (motility) and chemically (enzymes)

Question 24

What is the underlying mechanism of most digestion?

Answer 24

Hydrolysis

Question 25

Where does digestion occur mainly?

Answer 25

Small intestine and stomach

Question 26

What two problems does absorption solve in the GI tract?

Answer 26

Reclamation of fluid and recognition of specific nutrients, vitamins, electrolytes

Question 27

Out of the 9 L entering or secreted into GI tract each day, how much is reclaimed?

Answer 27

8.9 Liters, we only lose 100 mL in stools each day

Question 28

Where does the most amount of absorption occur?

Answer 28

In the small intestine

Question 29

What does the visceral peritoneum cover?

Answer 29

External surfaces of most digestive organs

Question 30

What is the parietal peritoneum?

Answer 30

Lining of walls of abdominal cavity

Question 31

What does serous fluid do?

Answer 31

Lubricates mobile digestive organs allowing them to glide easily across one another

Question 32

What is peritonitis?

Answer 32

inflammation of the peritoneum - from a piercing wound in abdomen, perforating ulcer, or ruptured appendix

Question 33

What is ascites?

Answer 33

Accumulation of peritoneal fluid in the abdomen

Question 34

What are peritoneal folds?

Answer 34

Large folds that weave between the viscera that usually has fat

Question 35

What is the greater omentum?

Answer 35

An adipose wall that hangs loosely from the transverse colon and small intestine

Question 36

What is the mesentery?

Answer 36

Found in b/w the small intestine and anchors it to the posterior abdominal wall