1C Salivation

Question 1

Which salivary gland is the biggest?

Answer 1

Parotid

Question 2

Which salivary gland is prone to inflammation from the mumps virus infection?

Answer 2

Parotid

Question 3

What is the range of normal saliva secretion daily?

Answer 3

800-1500 mL

Question 4

Which diseases affect salivary glands resulting in xerostomia?

Answer 4

Sjogren’s syndrome, HIV/AIDS, diabetes, and Parkinson’s disease

Question 5

What is Sjogren’s sydrome?

Answer 5

An autoimmune disease that strikes salivary glands

Question 6

What does a basic unit of the salivary gland consist of?

Answer 6

Acinus (blind end of a branching duct system), Intercalated duct, and striated duct

Question 7

What kind of cells surround each acinus?

Answer 7

Myoepithelial cells

Question 8

What are myoepithelial cells?

Answer 8

A cross b/w a muscle and an epithelial cell

Question 9

What do myoepithelial cells do?

Answer 9

Contract and compress the acinus to help facilitate the movement of saliva out into the duct system

Question 10

Are myoepithelial cells present in the intercalated ducts?

Answer 10

Yes

Question 11

Where does the saliva go from the acinus?

Answer 11

Into the intercalated duct

Question 12

Where does the saliva go from the intercalated duct/

Answer 12

Striated duct

Question 13

What are the three classifications of acini?

Answer 13

Serous, mucous, and mixed

Question 14

About what percentage of all saliva daily does the parotid gland produce? Submandibular? Sublingual?

Answer 14

25% from Parotid, 71% from Submandibular, and 3-4% from Sublingual

Question 15

What is Stensen’s duct?

Answer 15

Drains the parotid gland

Question 16

What is Wharton’s duct?

Answer 16

Drains the submandibular gland

Question 17

What is the sublingual gland drained by?

Answer 17

Approximately 10 small ducts - the Ducts of Rivinus

Question 18

What is the composition of saliva?

Answer 18

99.5% water and .5% electrolytes and protein.

Question 19

What is the pH of saliva?

Answer 19

6.0-7.4

Question 20

What are three important salivary proteins?

Answer 20

Salivary alpha-amylase, lingual lipase, mucins

Question 21

What is salivary alpha-amylase?

Answer 21

An enzyme that begins digestion of carbs in the mouth

Question 22

What is lingual lipase?

Answer 22

A mouth digestion enzyme that doesn’t begin to work until it reaches the stomach (needs a low pH to work)

Question 23

What are mucins?

Answer 23

a substance that mixes with water to become mucus for lubricating food

Question 24

Which carb linkages can salivary alpha-amylase hydrolyze?

Answer 24

The internal alpha-1,4 linkages only

Question 25

Does salivary alpha-amylase hydrolyze terminal alpha-1,4 linkages or alpha-1,6 linkages?

Answer 25

No, only the internal ones

Question 26

What are three antibacterial constituents of saliva?

Answer 26

Lysozymes, lactoferrins, and IgA

Question 27

What do lysozymes do?

Answer 27

Attack bacterial cell walls (bacteria w/o cell walls like mycoplasma are unaffected)

Question 28

What do lactoferrins do?

Answer 28

Chelate iron, preventing multiplication of organisms that require it for growth

Question 29

What does IgA do?

Answer 29

is active against certain viruses and bacteria

Question 30

What kinds of normal bacteria is found in the oral cavity?

Answer 30

Streptococci, lactobacilli, staphylococci, corynbacteria, and various anaerobes (especially bacteroides)

Question 31

About how many species of bacteria have been detected in the oral cavity?

Answer 31

Close to 700

Question 32

What are the benefits of normal oral cavity flora?

Answer 32

Prevent colonization by pathogens by competing for attachment sites or for essential nutrients. May antagonize other bacteria by producing substances which inhibit or kill non-indigenous bacteria. May induce production of cross-reactive antibodies

Question 33

What buffering agents does saliva contain?

Answer 33

Bicarbonate and others that neutralize the acids that cause demineralization of teeth

Question 34

What minerals does saliva contain?

Answer 34

Calcium, phosphorus that must be present for tooth remineralization

Question 35

W/in 5-10 minutes of eating and drinking carbs, how low can the pH drop?

Answer 35

pH

Question 36

Salivary secretion is under what control?

Answer 36

Neural control

Question 37

What is the continuous, spontaneous secretion of saliva due to?

Answer 37

Low-level stimulation by the paraSNS nerve endings that terminate in the salivary glands

Question 38

What is an unconditioned salivary reflex produced by?

Answer 38

The presence of food stimulates chemoreceptors and pressure receptors

Question 39

What cranial nerves carry paraSNS information to the salivary glands?

Answer 39

CN VII and IX.

Question 40

What is the consistency of saliva output influenced by the SNS? ParaSNS?

Answer 40

Thick, viscous, scant. Transient. Protein rich, high K+ and HCO3- ParaSNS is water and in copious amounts. Sustained, protein poor, lower K+ and HCO3-

Question 41

Which ANS system stimulates salivary secretion?

Answer 41

Both paraSNS and SNS

Question 42

Which ANS system exerts the dominant role in salivary secretion?

Answer 42

ParaSNS

Question 43

What is paraSNS stimulation rich in? Poor in?

Answer 43

Rich in enzymes, but poor in proteins

Question 44

What effect does atropine and other cholinergic blocking agents have on salivary secretion?

Answer 44

The block the ParaSNS and reduce salivary secretion

Question 45

What kind of saliva does SNS stimulatioon produce?

Answer 45

A small volume of thick saliva that is rich in mucus

Question 46

Why does the mouth feel dry during stressful situations?

Answer 46

This is SNS stimulation that elicits much smaller volumes of saliva - the mouth feel drier than usual