3.7 the development gap

Question 1

what do globalists believe?

Answer 1

flows of commodities and capital have been facilitated and created greater opportunities for the world’s poor and a ‘spreading of the wealth’

Question 2

what do anti-globalists believe?

Answer 2

the tendency towards capitalism rather than socialism and ‘western’ habits of consumerism has, in fact led to a widening of the difference between the rich and poor of the world

Question 3

what has globalisation increased?

Answer 3

global capital at a rate greater than population growth- more money to go around

Question 4

what did Wallerstein suggest about globalisation?

Answer 4

‘word systems theory’ in 1970
-core countries drive and benefit greatly form global processes
-peripheral countries have little influence and serve the semi-periphery and core (benefiting the least form global processes)

Question 5

what is GDP

Answer 5

gross domestic product is a measure of a country’s income from the sale of goods and services

Question 6

give different ways of measuring development

Answer 6

GDP per capita
employment structure
human development index
gender inequality index
environmental quality

Question 7

what does the HDI consist of

Answer 7

education (literacy rates)
health (life expectancy)
wealth (GDP)
- scored from 0-1

Question 8

give an example of an area with income inequality

Answer 8

sub-saharan africa is a detached economy
-unequal spread of wealth

Question 9

what is the gini index?

Answer 9

it measures the inequality of wealth distribution
-shows a value between 0 and 100
0= equality
100= inequality

Question 10

what is the gini coefficient?

Answer 10

it is shown as a value between 0 and q
(index divided by 100)

Question 11

what is a lorenz curve?

Answer 11

used to compare income inequality within countries, it is useful to show the differences

Question 12

what does an ecological footprint measure?

Answer 12

the environmental impact of development and globalisation
-measured in global hectares

Question 13

give one way of measuring economic development

Answer 13

income per capita

Question 14

what impact has economic development in China had on the environment?

Answer 14

a large environmental impact
-as the country began to accept FDI, this has compromised environmental standards and the relaxation of legislations

Question 15

how can taxation reduce inequality?

Answer 15

taxing people based on their level of income allows everyone to benefit in a way they can
the government can help regionally rebalance our economy, correcting widening inequalities in wealth, and consequently in health, opportunity and living standards.”

Question 16

what % of our land’s surface as been turned over to agricultural production?
and why?

Answer 16

40%
-this enables global flows of food commodity and consumers to have a wide range of foods all year round

Question 17

what has led to large scale environmental damage?

Answer 17

agribusiness, plantation farming, cattle ranching and aquaculture
-also led to disruption to water and carbon cycles, with local and global consequences

Question 18

how have poorer countries created environmental problems?

Answer 18

in order to facilitate economic development, many of the poorer countries in the world have welcomed and incentivised FDI. this has involved compromise of environmental standards and relaxation of environmental legislation.

Question 19

describe land use change in established global areas

Answer 19

initially, land was used for agriculture and farming, now it is used to industrialisation and urbanisation as development levels have increased