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FUN > 37. Minerals > Flashcards

37. Minerals Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of Calcium

A 
Structural component of bones and teeth
Second messenger
Muscle contraction
Blood clotting
Enzyme activation
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2
Q

Functions of chloride

A

Enzyme activation

Component of gastric HCl

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3
Q

Functions of magnesium

A

Transfer of phosphate groups

ATP-dependent enzyme reactions

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4
Q

Function of phosphate

A

Activates enzymes (phosphorylation and dephosphorylation)

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5
Q

Functions of potassium

A

Activates pyruvate kinase

Na/K pump

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6
Q

Functions of sodium

A

Water pH and electrolyte regulation
Nerve transmission
Muscle contraction

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7
Q

Function of sulphur

A

Component of some amino acids

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8
Q

How is sodium absorbed in the GI tract?

A

Na/glucose transporter
Na+/H+ exchange working with Cl-/HCO3- exchange
Na+ absorption in colon via Na+ channels in the membrane

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9
Q

How is Phosphate absorbed in the GI tract?

A

Na+ dependent transport system enhanced by vitamin D

Diffusion

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10
Q

How is Mg+ absorbed in the GI tract?

A

Carrier mediated active transporter

Diffusion

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11
Q

Functions of iron

A

Component of haemoglobin and myoglobin

Enzyme cofactor

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12
Q

Functions of zinc

A

Energy metabolism
Protein synthesis
CO2 elimination
Enzyme cofactor

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13
Q

Functions of copper

A

Utilisation of iron, lipids and collagen
Neurotransmitter synthesis
Enzyme cofactor

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14
Q

Functions of molybdenum

A

Metabolism of purines

Cofactor for oxidases

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15
Q

Functions of selenium

A

Protects against free radicals and hydrogen peroxide

Cofactor for peroxidase and reductases

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16
Q

Function of iodine

A

Thyroid hormone synthesis

17
Q

Functions of manganese

A

Brain function
Glucose and lipid metabolism
Cofactor for carboxylase and superoxide dismutase

18
Q

Function of cobalt

A

Production of B12

19
Q

Calcium deficiency

A

Rickets
Osteomalacia
Osteoporosis
Tetany

20
Q

Chloride deficiency

A

Metabolic alkalosis

21
Q

Magnesium deficiency

A

Neuromuscular hyperexcitability

Muscle weakness and tetany

22
Q

Phosphate deficiency

A

Rickets

Osteomalacia

23
Q

Potassium deficiency

A

Muscle weakness
Mental apathy
Cardiac arrhythmias
Bone fragility

24
Q

Sodium deficiency

A

Nausea
Muscle atrophy
Poor growth
Weight loss

25
Q

Iron deficiency

A

Fatigue
Anaemia
Sore tongue
Angular stomatitis

26
Q

Zinc deficiency

A

Poor wound healing
Changes in hair, skin, nails
Impaired immunity

27
Q

Copper deficiency

A

Fragile abnormal hair growth
Muscle weakness
Oedema

28
Q

Molybdenum deficiency

A

Hypermethioninemia

29
Q

Selenium deficiency

A 
Cardiac myopathy (Keshan's disease)
Increased cell fragility
30
Q

Iodine deficiency

A

Enlarged thyroid gland
Increased blood lipids
Extracellular retention of NaCl and water

FUN (46 decks)

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