37. Minerals Flashcards
Functions of Calcium
Structural component of bones and teeth Second messenger Muscle contraction Blood clotting Enzyme activation
Functions of chloride
Enzyme activation
Component of gastric HCl
Functions of magnesium
Transfer of phosphate groups
ATP-dependent enzyme reactions
Function of phosphate
Activates enzymes (phosphorylation and dephosphorylation)
Functions of potassium
Activates pyruvate kinase
Na/K pump
Functions of sodium
Water pH and electrolyte regulation
Nerve transmission
Muscle contraction
Function of sulphur
Component of some amino acids
How is sodium absorbed in the GI tract?
Na/glucose transporter
Na+/H+ exchange working with Cl-/HCO3- exchange
Na+ absorption in colon via Na+ channels in the membrane
How is Phosphate absorbed in the GI tract?
Na+ dependent transport system enhanced by vitamin D
Diffusion
How is Mg+ absorbed in the GI tract?
Carrier mediated active transporter
Diffusion
Functions of iron
Component of haemoglobin and myoglobin
Enzyme cofactor
Functions of zinc
Energy metabolism
Protein synthesis
CO2 elimination
Enzyme cofactor
Functions of copper
Utilisation of iron, lipids and collagen
Neurotransmitter synthesis
Enzyme cofactor
Functions of molybdenum
Metabolism of purines
Cofactor for oxidases
Functions of selenium
Protects against free radicals and hydrogen peroxide
Cofactor for peroxidase and reductases
Function of iodine
Thyroid hormone synthesis
Functions of manganese
Brain function
Glucose and lipid metabolism
Cofactor for carboxylase and superoxide dismutase
Function of cobalt
Production of B12
Calcium deficiency
Rickets
Osteomalacia
Osteoporosis
Tetany
Chloride deficiency
Metabolic alkalosis
Magnesium deficiency
Neuromuscular hyperexcitability
Muscle weakness and tetany
Phosphate deficiency
Rickets
Osteomalacia
Potassium deficiency
Muscle weakness
Mental apathy
Cardiac arrhythmias
Bone fragility
Sodium deficiency
Nausea
Muscle atrophy
Poor growth
Weight loss
