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FUN > 36. Vitamins > Flashcards

36. Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

What is needed to absorb fat soluble vitamins?

A

Functioning pancreas
Intestinal cells
Bile salts

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2
Q

What are the functions of vitamin A?

A 
Essential to vision
Anti-oxidant
Lipid peroxidation
Healthy linings of the eyes and respiratory, urinary and intestinal tracts
Cell differentiation
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3
Q

What are the functions of vitamin D?

A

Calcium homeostasis
Mobilisation of calcium
Regulation of bone metabolism
Regulation of gene expression

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4
Q

How is cholesterol converted to calcitriol?

A

Sunlight converts cholesterol to cholecalciferol
Liver microsomes convert to calcidiol
Kidney converts to calcitriol

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5
Q

What is the active form of vitamin E?

A

Alpha tocopherol

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6
Q

What are the functions of vitamin E?

A

Free radical scavenger
Protects PUFAs from peroxidation
Decreases oxidation of LDL
Affects cholesterol metabolism

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7
Q

What are the functions of vitamin K?

A

Coagulation cascade

Carboxylation of bone protein, osteocalcin

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8
Q

What is primary deficiency of vitamin A?

A

Prolonged dietary deprivaton

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9
Q

What is secondary deficiency of vitamin A?

A

Inadequate conversion to active form

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10
Q

What are the symptoms of vitamin A deficiency?

A 
Night blindness
Xerophthalmia (dry eyes)
Keratomalacia (softening of cornea)
Bitot's spots (grey spots in cornea)
Dermatological problems
Impairment of immune system
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11
Q

What are the causes of a vitamin D deficiency?

A

Impaired availability
Impaired hydroxylation in liver
Impaired kidney production of calcitriol

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12
Q

What are the results of vitamin D deficiency?

A

Rickets
Osteomalacia
Osteoporosis

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13
Q

What are the causes of a vitamin E deficiency?

A

Severe malnutrition
Fat metabolism disorders
Carrier protein or lipoprotein defects

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14
Q

What are the symptoms of a vitamin E deficiency?

A

Skeletal muscle pain
Degenerative neurological problems
Haemolytic anaemia

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15
Q

What are the causes of vitamin K deficiency?

A

Common in newborns
Long-term antibiotic use
High doses of vitamin A and E

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16
Q

What are the symptoms of a vitamin K deficiency?

A

Easy bruising
Mucosal bleeding
Splinter haemorrhages
Black, tar-like stool

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17
Q

What happens as a result of vitamin D hypervitaminosis?

A

Calcium deposits in tissues, joints, lungs, brain, kidney

Muscle weakness

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18
Q

What happens as a result of acute vitamin A hypervitaminosis?

A

Vomiting, vertigo, blurry vision

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19
Q

What happens as a result of chronic vitamin A hypervitaminosis?

A

Hyperlipidaemia, hepatotoxicity

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20
Q

What happens as a result of teratogenic vitamin A hypervitaminosis?

A

Spontaneous loss of foetus

21
Q

What happens as a result of vitamin E hypervitaminosis?

A

Fatigue, headache, impaired blood coagulation

22
Q

What is the other name for vitamin B1?

A

Thiamine

23
Q

What is the other name for vitamin B2?

A

Riboflavin

24
Q

What is the other name for vitamin B3?

A

Niacin

25
Q

What is the other name for vitamin B5?

A

Pantothenic acid

26
Q

What is the other name for vitamin B6?

A

Pyroxidine

27
Q

What is the other name for vitamin B7?

A

Biotin

28
Q

What is the other name for vitamin B9?

A

Folate

29
Q

What is the other name for vitamin B12?

A

Cobalamin

30
Q

What is the function of thiamine?

A

Conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA in Kreb’s cycle

31
Q

What is the function of riboflavin?

A

Constituent of riboflavin 5’-phosphate and flavin adenine dinucleotide

32
Q

What is the function of niacin?

A

Forms coenzymes NAD and NADP

33
Q

What is the function of pantothenic acid?

A

Synthesises CoA

Metabolism of carbs, fat and protein

34
Q

What is the function of pyroxidine?

A

Synthesis and catabolism of amino acids

Cofactor for glycogen phosphorylase

35
Q

What is the function of biotin?

A

Attached at active site of carboxylases

36
Q

What is the function of folate?

A

Coenzyme in single carbon transfer reactions
Biological methylation reactions
Makes methionine from homocysteine

37
Q

What is the function of cobalamin?

A

Cofactor for methionine synthase

Synthesis of succinyl CoA

38
Q

What are the functions of vitamin C?

A 
Antioxidant
Synthesis of succinyl CoA
Cofactor for carnitine synthesis
Cofactor for serotonin and norepinephrine synthesis
Enhances iron absorption
39
Q

B1 deficiency

A

Berberi
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
Alcoholics

40
Q

B2 deficiency

A 
Cheliosis (inflammation of the lips)
Angular stomatitis
Magenta tongue
Dry, scaly skin
Decreased RBCs
41
Q

B3 deficiency

A

Slow metabolism

Pellegra

42
Q

B5 deficiency

A

Numbness
Tingling in hands and feet
Vomiting and fatigue

43
Q

B6 deficiency

A 
Dermatitis
Glossitis
Convulsions
Microcytic hypochromic anaemia
Alcoholics
44
Q

B7 deficiency

A

Scaly red rash around eyes, nose, mouth, genitals
Depression
Numbness and tingling in extremities
Defects in metabolism of fatty acid chains

45
Q

B9 deficiency

A

Megaloblastic anaemia
Increased plasma homocysteine
Hypersegmented neutrophils
Low birth weight and neural tube defects

46
Q

B12 deficiency

A

Increased homocysteine
Megaloblastic anaemia
Dehydration and nerve cell death
Skin hypersensitivity

47
Q

Vitamin C deficiency

A 
Scurvy
Weakness and joint swelling
Superficial bleeding
Depression
Vasomotor instability
48
Q

What happens with excess vitamin C?

A

Diarrhoea
Abdominal bloating
Risk of calcium oxalate stones
Cardiac arrhythmias

FUN (46 decks)

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