3.7 - 3.8 Flashcards
(25 cards)
What is the sociocultural theory?
The theory suggests that social interaction leads to systematic changes in a child’s thoughts and behavior and can vary widely from population to population.
What are some social factors that influence personality?
- Ethnicity
- Gender
- Cultural influence
What is Individualism vs Collectivism?
Individualism : Focusing on someone as an individual
Collectivism : Focusing on a group of people as a whole
What are the four principles of Vygotskian Framework?
- Children construct their own knowledge
- Development and social context intertwine
- Learning leads to development
- Language plays a central role in cogitative development
What is the zone of proximal development?
Defined as the range of tasks a child is able to complete
- not too difficult, not too easy and can be learned through collaboration and interaction (scaffolding)
What is subjectivity?
All learners start with different understandings
What is scaffolding?
Use of social support in teachers
What are some common criticisms of the sociocultural theory?
- Language can affect development / Language can only be learned after development
- Focuses too much on the linguistic aspect
Who is Lev Vygotsky?
A Russian and soviet psychologist
How is sociocultural theory used in education?
Teachers are encouraged to used the methods demonstrated and also increase class interaction and discussions, this supposedly helps with developing someone understanding in a subject.
What does humanistic theory focus on?
Focuses on the potential for positive human growth
- Views each person as basically good
- Argues that people carry a perception of themselves and the world
- The goal for a humanist is to develop/promote a positive self-concept
What is self-concept?
A collection of beliefs and attitudes about oneself
Who founded the humanistic theory?
Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers
Who came up with the hierarchy of needs, and what is it?
Abraham Maslow
The basic goodness of humans nature and natural tendencies toward self-actualization
What is self actualization?
It refers to a persons desire for fulfillment, namely the tendency to become what we are potentially.
What are the tiers of the hierarchy of needs?
Self Actualization - Become the ideal version of oneself
Esteem - Need to feel respected
Love and Belonging - Desire for attachment and acceptance
Safety - Protective security needs
Physiological - Physical requirements for human survival
Maslow believed you worked up the pyramid from physiological to self actualization.
What are some characteristics of self - actualized individuals?
- They perceive reality accurately
- They are independent and autonomous
- Prefer deep loving relationships with few people
- Focus on accomplishing their own goals
- They report peak experiences
What are some self actualization criticisms?
- Most people tend to have positive self concepts because of the self-serving bias.
- Self actualization should be conceived as a unique process rather than as a generalized end state.
- Reinforces western values
- Little supporting research
- Fails to appreciate the reality of the human capacity for evil
Who founded the theory of personality and what is it?
Carl Rogers
People need to be treated in certain conditions to grow into their actual selves.
What is a person centered perspective?
Differentiating between actual self and ideal self
Actual self - Who we are based on our self concept score
Ideal self - Who you wish you were as a person
What are the conditions stated in the theory of personality?
Genuineness - Are others open, honest and self disclosing to us?
Acceptance - Do others offer us unconditional positive regard?
Empathy - Do others share and mirror our feelings?
Self Consistency - Conflict between self - perceptions.
What is Congruence vs Incongruence?
Congruence - Consistency between self perceptions and experience
Incongruence - The experience of conflict between the real self and the ideal self
What is the organismic valuing process?
A subconscious guide that evaluates experience for its growth potential
What are some theory of personality criticisms?
- Naïve view of all humans
- Does not generalize across cultures
- Challenged due to cultural variants on self-criticism and self - enhancement
