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Anthro/Socio/Psych 11U > 3.1 - 3.2 > Flashcards

3.1 - 3.2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is psychology?

A

The study of the mind and behavior

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2
Q

Who popularized psychology and when?

A

early 18th century by philosopher Christian Wolff

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3
Q

Epistemology

A

Theory of knowledge

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4
Q

What is the empirical approach

A

Gathers information or data by doing experiments and observations, analyses, and interprets data that can be replicated and verifies, rather than relying on opinions, beliefs or discussions.

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5
Q

Who is Carl Jung

A

Swiss Psychiatrist and Psychoanalyst
Founded Analytical Psychology - A theory of personality and thought that takes into account the individual unconscious and its relationship to the collective unconscious.

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6
Q

What are the two distinct attitude types?

A

Introverts and Extroverts

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7
Q

What are the four cognitive function types?

A

Thinking, Feeling, Sensation, Intuition

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8
Q

Who invented the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator?

A

Isabel Briggs Myers & Katherine Briggs

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9
Q

What is personality?

A

Patterns of feelings, motives, and behavior that set people apart from one another.

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10
Q

What is a trait?

A

An aspect of personality that is reasonably stable.
Personality traits are fixed from an early age and account for consistent behavior in different situations.

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11
Q

What are the four basic humors?

A

Yellow Bile = choleric - quick tempered
Blood = sanguine - warm, cheerful
Phlegm = phlegmatic -cool and sluggish
Black Bile = melancholic - thoughtful

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12
Q

Who came up with the Biological Trait Theory and what is it?

A

Hans Eysenck
Personality can be described in terms of two basic factors or dimensions.

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13
Q

What are the two basic factors of dimensions in the Biological Trait Theory?

A

Emotional Stability and Psychoticism

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14
Q

What is the name for obvious traits?

A

Surface Traits

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15
Q

Who is Raymond Catell

A

Claimed that a single underlying trait gives rise to all traits in each cluster. He called these traits, source traits.

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16
Q

What are the big five?

A

Introversion
Extroversion

Emotional Stability
Instability

Conscientiousness
Carelessness

Agreeableness
Disagreeableness

Openness
Closed Mindedness

17
Q

What do psychologists believe about the big three?

A

They believe that these traits are established by an early age.

18
Q

What is introspection?

A

It means to ‘look within’

19
Q

What did Socrates suggest?

A

He suggested we learn about out own behavior by carefully examining our own thoughts and feelings.

20
Q

What did Plato and Socrates suggest?

A

They believed knowledge is born within us.

21
Q

What did Aristotle believe?

A

He believed knowledge grows from experienced and is stored in our memories.

22
Q

Who is Francis Bacon?

A

Helped develop the Scientific Method.

23
Q

What is Empiricism?

A

The view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should rely on observations and experimentation.
Modern psychology relies on this method.

24
Q

Who is Wilhelm Wundt?

A

founded the first experimental psychology laboratory at the university of Leipzig in 1879.

25
Q

What is introspection?

A

Training people to self respect

26
Q

Who is Edward B. Titchener?

A

Developed Structuralism which breaks down into two categories; objective and subjective experience.

27
Q

What is objective and subjective?

A

Objective; sight, taste were seen as accurately representing the outside world.

Subjective; thoughts including emotional responses and mental images.

28
Q

what is Gestalt Psychology?

A

The idea that perceptions are more than the sums of their parts.

29
Q

What is Phi Motion?

A

Objectless motion, where you gain a sense of motion but you know the underlying elements do not move.

30
Q

Who is William James?

A

Asserted the mind is a functional tool

31
Q

What is functionalism?

A

The importance of sensations, ideas and memories.

32
Q

Who is Sigmund Frued?

A

Focused on drawing out stresses and memories that lie in the subconscious mind.

33
Q

What is the Freudian Slip?

A

Tongue missteps.

34
Q

Who is John Broadus Watson?

A

He believed it was unscientific to try to use behavior as a way to understand the unconscious. He thought psychologist should base psychology on what they can observe.

35
Q

What is behaviorism?

A

The scientific study of observable behavior.

36
Q

Who is B. F. Skinner?

A

He believed that humans learn the same way animals do. Introduced the concept of reinforcement to control and maintain behavior.

Anthro/Socio/Psych 11U (9 decks)

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