36 Dementia

Question 1

Define dementia

Answer 1

Syndrome caused by diseases in the BRAIN

Question 2

What syndrome is NORMAL aging?

Answer 2

AAMI - Age-Associated Memory Impairment
= RECALL takes longer (esp. NAMES)
= Putting a TIME to memory is harder

Question 3

Name major types of dementia

Answer 3

Alzheimer's
Vascular dementia
Parkinson's
DLB- Dementia with LEWY bodies
Frontotemporal dementia
Mixed dementia

Question 4

What is the PATHOLOGY of Alzheimers

Answer 4

Plaques + Tangles accumulate to kill brain cells

Question 5

Where does Alzheimers START in the brain?

Answer 5

Hippocampus (memories)

SPREADS around brain

Question 6

Prevalence projection of dementia in NZ

Answer 6

2008 = ~40k
2026 = ~74k
2050 = ~147k

Question 7

Name FACTORS that affects risk of dementia

Answer 7

AGE
Gender
Ethnicity
Genetic
Cardiovascular
Enviro

Question 8

How does AGE affect dementia risk?

Answer 8

DOUBLES every 5 years = AGE-related disease

Question 9

How does GENDER affect dementia risk

Answer 9

WOMEN more likely to get ALZHEIMERS

MEN more likely to get VASCULAR

Question 10

How does ENVIRO affect dementia risk

Answer 10

Loneliness

Lacking STIMULATION

Question 11

2 classes of TREATMENTS for dementia

Answer 11

Lifestyle

Medications

Question 12

What LIFESTYLE factors can be used to treat dementia

Answer 12

Diet - OMEGA 4, low cholesterol, Ginkgo
Exercise
Stop smoking
Cognitive stimulation

Question 13

Name 4 MEDICATIONS for dementia

Answer 13

Aricept, Exelon, Reminuyl

Aspirin

Question 14

How does ASPIRIN help dementia

Answer 14

BLOOD THINNING slows progression

Question 15

List 5 CARE approaches (RRVSH)

Answer 15

Reality orientation - time, seasons
Reminiscence - lifetime
Validation - autobiographical memories
Stimulation - exercise, dogs, snozelen, children
History of the patient

Question 16

Explain aspects of PERSON-centered care

Answer 16

View dementia as a DISABILITY, not disease
EQUALITY in care settings
ENCOURAGING and working WITH skills
Redefine “challenging behavior” as expression of a meaningful message
Maintaining SOCIAL TIES

Question 17

Name the parts of the 5-part model

Answer 17

Biology
Enviro
Carer
Person
= BEHAVIOR

Question 18

Aspects of the BIOLOGY

Answer 18

Sensory changes
Physical changes
Chronic PAINS

Question 19

Aspects of the ENVIRO

Answer 19

Architecture
Interior decor
Layout
(STIMULI needed)

Question 20

Aspects of the CARER

Answer 20

Care practices
Attitudes
Relationships

Question 21

Aspects of the PERSON

Answer 21

Life history
Personality
Beliefs
Habits & needs