23 Cultural Psych II

Question 1

Define CROSS-cultural psychology

Answer 1

Studying similarities/differences across 2 or more cultures

Question 2

Considerations in cross-cultural research?

Answer 2

• How SIMILAR are the groups being compared
• How does culture influence PSYCHOLOGICAL processes?
• Do thes explain the observed DIFF/SIMILARITIES in psych research?

Question 3

2 TYPES of cultures

Answer 3

Individualist vs Collectivity

Question 4

Describe INDIVIDUALIST cultures

Answer 4

• Concept of self defined as SEPARATE
• Priority given to interests of INDIVIDUAL
• Independence + autonomy emphasised
• Pursuit of individual GOALS emphasised
• Accumulation of individual WEALTH
• Leadership
• Competitivemess
• Aggression

Question 5

Describe COLLECTIVST cultures

Answer 5

• Concept of self defined in relation to GROUP
• Priority given to interests of GROUP
• INTERdependence of GROUP emphasised
• Pursuit of HARMONY
• COLLECTIVE ownership of wealth
• Conformity
• Obligation
• Sense of DUTY

Question 6

Name some PROBLEMS with the individualist/collectivist theory

Answer 6

1. Assumes HETEROGENEITY within nations
2. Assumes HETEROGENEITY within individuals
3. Assumes country BORDERS define cultural borders

Question 7

Define Acculturation

Answer 7

Moving to a NEW cultural context

= multiple cultures INTERACT in one setting

Question 8

In acculturation, what determines what the experience will be like?

Answer 8

Responses of the DOMINANT group

Question 9

Valueing:
OLD culture = YES
NEW culture = YES

Answer 9

Integration

Question 10

Valueing:
OLD culture = YES
NEW culture = NO

Answer 10

Separation

Question 11

Valueing:
OLD culture = NO
NEW culture = YES

Answer 11

Assimilation

Question 12

Valueing:
OLD culture = NO
NEW culture = NO

Answer 12

Marginalisation

Question 13

Define Ethnocentrism

Answer 13

Tendendy to use OWN culture as the “STANDARD” to judge others
Own lifestyle viewed as NORM, others viewed as strange/inferior

Question 14

Define Stereotypes

Answer 14

GENERALISED view of social groups

Belief that all members of the group share COMMON TRAITS or behaviors

Question 15

Define prejudice

Answer 15

Unreasonable and NEGATIVE stereotypes about a group

Question 16

Define Discrimination

Answer 16

BEHAVIORAL manifestation of prejudice

Question 17

Define Racism

Answer 17

Systematic assumption of a group’s INFERIORITY

And the UNFAIR treatment of them

Question 18

Why do we need to be wary of UNIVERSALISM

Answer 18

Assumption that a certain psychological PHENOMENON is expressed in ALL cultures
(Could be damaging to compare groups if a culture does NOT HAVE a certain phenomenon)

Question 19

Define CULTURAL psychology

Answer 19

Focus on a specific GROUP and how people are influenced by their CULTURE