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PSYCH108 > 30-31 Clinical Psych APPROACHES > Flashcards

30-31 Clinical Psych APPROACHES Flashcards

1
Q

Acronym for the 6 MODELS of mental health issues

A

MPBHCS

My Puppy Brought Home Candy Snacks

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2
Q

Name the 6 models of mental health issues

A 
Medical
Psychoanalytic
Behaviorism
Humanism
Cognitive
Sociocultural
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3
Q

Each model represents…

What is a LIMITATION of this?

A

Each model represents a particular “WORLD VIEW”

= can create BIAS due to culturally-rooted views

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4
Q

Define the MEDICAL model

A

“Illness-treatment” model

Creates explanations using GENETICS, neurology, physiology

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5
Q

ADVANTAGES of the medical model?

A
  • Works FAST if it works

* Avoids confronting CAUSES (painful?)

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6
Q

DISADVANTAGES of the medical model?

A
  • treats disorder as “illness”
  • ignores SOCIAL issues
  • SIDE EFFECTS of drugs
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7
Q

Some life events that suggest SOCIAL factors may contribute MORE than biological factors are?

A 
Child abuse
Neglect
Domestic violence
Parental loss
Poverty
Trauma
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8
Q

What is the BASIS of the psychoanalytic model?

A

Inherent CONFLICT between different aspects of the psyche:
Id
Ego
Superego

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9
Q

Define the Id, Ego, and Superego

What is the PRINCIPLE that drives each?

A

Id - PRMITIVE drives (sexual, aggression) = “PLEASURE principle”
Ego - REFEREE between the 2 psyches = “REALITY principle”
Superego - MORAL demands of society = “MORALITY principle”

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10
Q

What happens to UNACCEPTABLE thoughts?

A

Actively repressed and kept in UNCONSCIOUS

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11
Q

Name the 3 STATES of consciousness and define each

A

Conscious - what we KNOW
Subconscious - can bring to mind
Unconscious - do not know

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12
Q

What is our REACTION to these unacceptable thoughts repressed to the unconscious?

A

Create DEFENCES against unconscious thoughts

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13
Q

Acronym for the DEFENCES we create against unacceptable unconscious thoughts
List these

A 
DIPDRIS
Denial
Introjection
Projection
Displacement
Reaction formation
Intellectualisation
Sublimation
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14
Q

Define denial

A

Refusing to acknowledge

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15
Q

Define introjection

A

Directing feelings BACK at SELF

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16
Q

Define projection

A

Directing feelings at OTHERS

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17
Q

Define displacement

A

Direct impulses at a more APPROPRIATE target

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18
Q

Define reaction formation

A

Acting in OPPOSITE way of the impulse

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19
Q

Define Intellectualisation

A

Overly RATIONAL response to keep impulse at a DISTANC

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20
Q

Define Sublimation

A

Express unacceptable impulses in SOCIALLY ACCEPTABLE ways (eg. ART)

21
Q

Importance of EARLY relationships in psychoanalysis model?

A

Early relationships lays the FOUNDATION for later relationships (Attachment theory)

22
Q

Psychoanalysis is a FORM of ______ therapy, which helps people discover ….

A

Psychoanalysis is a form of INSIGHT therapy, which helps people discover the ROOT of their problems

23
Q

ACRONYM for the psychosocial techniques?

Name these

A

FIT CD
Free association - TALKING encouraged
Interpretation - LINKS to understand unconscious
Transference - THERAPIST becomes target of emotions

Challenge resistance - recognise resistance and OVERCOME defenses
Dream analysis - “royal road to the unconscious”

24
Q

Name some CRITICISMS of psychoanalysis

A
  • Case study method
  • Abstract theories (untestable)
  • Unfalsifiable - “If you say you can’t remember, its because you don’t WANT to remember”
  • Limited evidence of efficacy
25
Q

Define Behaviorism

A

OVERT behavior only

All behavior is LEARNED and elicited by the ENVIRO

26
Q

In behaviorism, the CAUSES of the problem lies in…

A

ENVIRONMENT

27
Q

Name 3 ways ti PRODUCE behavior

A

Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Modelling

28
Q

Explain CLASSICAL conditioning

A

Association between NEUTRAL and Unconditioned stimuli = becomes CONDITIONED stimuli

eg. Pavlov’s dogs

29
Q

Define OPERANT conditioning

A

Association between RESPONSE + consequence

  • POS reinforcement = MORE likely to happen again
  • NEG punishment = LESS likely to happen again
  • EXTINCTION = LESS likely to happen again
30
Q

Explain the SCHEDULING for classical vs operant conditioning

A 
Classical = EVERY response reinforced
Operant = RANDOM + INTERMITTENT (powerful)
31
Q

Define modelling (social learning)

A

People learn behaviors by IMITATING others

32
Q

What is a THERAPY following from the modelling model?

A

Offering “good” models of behavior

eg. Big Buddy programs

33
Q

Define Systemic Desensitisation

A

FEARED stimulus paired with RELAXATION until the stimulus no longer causes fear

  1. Relaxation training
  2. Fear HIERARCHY
  3. GRADED exposure paired with relaxation
34
Q

Criticisms of behaviorism

A
  • Only focuses on EXTERNAL behaviors
  • Treats the symptom, not the CAUSE
  • Can cause “Symptom Substitution” (replace with another bad habit)
35
Q

Define HUMANISTIC model

A

PERSON is the focus of Tx
INTERNAL experience emphasised
POSITIVE view of people

36
Q

Who is a KEY person in the humanistic model

A

Carl Rogers

37
Q

What are Carl Rogers’ 3 key beliefs?

A
  1. People have a natural TENDENCY towards POS self-development
  2. Goal is “self-actualisation”
  3. Need enviro of UNCONDITIONAL POS REGARD to allow this
38
Q

Describe humanistic THERAPY

A
  • Client is the EXPERT

* Therapist GENTLY FACILITATES the client to find their issues

39
Q

Criticisms of humanism?

A
  • Is “just listenin” enough?
  • Concepts are VAGUE
  • Idealistic?
40
Q

Define COGNITIVE Tx

A

Not enough to focus only on OVERT behaviors
= we respond to our COGNITIVE INTERPRETATIONS of events, not the events themselves

Dysfunctional interpretations = emotional disturbance = ∆behavior

41
Q

Analogy for the DISTORTED thinking in cognitive theory model

A

TEFLON against POS feelings

VELCRO for NEG feelings

42
Q

The ABCs of cognitive Tx?

A

Activating agent
Belief changes
Consequence

43
Q

Criticisms of Cognitive Tx

A
  • Lack of empathy (therapeutic relationship???)

* Deals wit symptoms, not the CAUSE

44
Q

What is CBT?

Define it

A

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
=combo of COGNITIVE Tx (THINK) and BEHAVIORAL Tx
= TALKING Tx focused on the present
= THOUGHTS trigger FEELINGS which triggers BEHAVIORS

45
Q

Criticisms of CBT?

A
  • Some may not be able to TALK FREELY

* COMPLEX issues hard to solve in time frame

46
Q

Define the sociocultural model

A

Mental health issues develop due to the SOCIAL CONTEXT in which they occur
= family
= community
= society

47
Q

Explain how the FAMILY may cause mental issues?

A

Families undergo changes and crises:

  • leaving home
  • marriage
  • birth of children
  • mid-life crises
  • retirement
48
Q

3 ways we may change COMMUNITIES to benefit mental health?

A
  • Prevention (Big Buddy programmes)
  • Challenging social norms (airbrushing, PS)
  • Advocacy for vulnerable groups

PSYCH108 (10 decks)

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