30-31 Clinical Psych APPROACHES Flashcards
Acronym for the 6 MODELS of mental health issues
MPBHCS
My Puppy Brought Home Candy Snacks
Name the 6 models of mental health issues
Medical Psychoanalytic Behaviorism Humanism Cognitive Sociocultural
Each model represents…
What is a LIMITATION of this?
Each model represents a particular “WORLD VIEW”
= can create BIAS due to culturally-rooted views
Define the MEDICAL model
“Illness-treatment” model
Creates explanations using GENETICS, neurology, physiology
ADVANTAGES of the medical model?
- Works FAST if it works
* Avoids confronting CAUSES (painful?)
DISADVANTAGES of the medical model?
- treats disorder as “illness”
- ignores SOCIAL issues
- SIDE EFFECTS of drugs
Some life events that suggest SOCIAL factors may contribute MORE than biological factors are?
Child abuse Neglect Domestic violence Parental loss Poverty Trauma
What is the BASIS of the psychoanalytic model?
Inherent CONFLICT between different aspects of the psyche:
Id
Ego
Superego
Define the Id, Ego, and Superego
What is the PRINCIPLE that drives each?
Id - PRMITIVE drives (sexual, aggression) = “PLEASURE principle”
Ego - REFEREE between the 2 psyches = “REALITY principle”
Superego - MORAL demands of society = “MORALITY principle”
What happens to UNACCEPTABLE thoughts?
Actively repressed and kept in UNCONSCIOUS
Name the 3 STATES of consciousness and define each
Conscious - what we KNOW
Subconscious - can bring to mind
Unconscious - do not know
What is our REACTION to these unacceptable thoughts repressed to the unconscious?
Create DEFENCES against unconscious thoughts
Acronym for the DEFENCES we create against unacceptable unconscious thoughts
List these
DIPDRIS Denial Introjection Projection Displacement Reaction formation Intellectualisation Sublimation
Define denial
Refusing to acknowledge
Define introjection
Directing feelings BACK at SELF
Define projection
Directing feelings at OTHERS
Define displacement
Direct impulses at a more APPROPRIATE target
Define reaction formation
Acting in OPPOSITE way of the impulse
Define Intellectualisation
Overly RATIONAL response to keep impulse at a DISTANC
Define Sublimation
Express unacceptable impulses in SOCIALLY ACCEPTABLE ways (eg. ART)
Importance of EARLY relationships in psychoanalysis model?
Early relationships lays the FOUNDATION for later relationships (Attachment theory)
Psychoanalysis is a FORM of ______ therapy, which helps people discover ….
Psychoanalysis is a form of INSIGHT therapy, which helps people discover the ROOT of their problems
ACRONYM for the psychosocial techniques?
Name these
FIT CD
Free association - TALKING encouraged
Interpretation - LINKS to understand unconscious
Transference - THERAPIST becomes target of emotions
Challenge resistance - recognise resistance and OVERCOME defenses
Dream analysis - “royal road to the unconscious”
Name some CRITICISMS of psychoanalysis
- Case study method
- Abstract theories (untestable)
- Unfalsifiable - “If you say you can’t remember, its because you don’t WANT to remember”
- Limited evidence of efficacy
Define Behaviorism
OVERT behavior only
All behavior is LEARNED and elicited by the ENVIRO
In behaviorism, the CAUSES of the problem lies in…
ENVIRONMENT
Name 3 ways ti PRODUCE behavior
Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Modelling
Explain CLASSICAL conditioning
Association between NEUTRAL and Unconditioned stimuli = becomes CONDITIONED stimuli
eg. Pavlov’s dogs
Define OPERANT conditioning
Association between RESPONSE + consequence
- POS reinforcement = MORE likely to happen again
- NEG punishment = LESS likely to happen again
- EXTINCTION = LESS likely to happen again
Explain the SCHEDULING for classical vs operant conditioning
Classical = EVERY response reinforced Operant = RANDOM + INTERMITTENT (powerful)
Define modelling (social learning)
People learn behaviors by IMITATING others
What is a THERAPY following from the modelling model?
Offering “good” models of behavior
eg. Big Buddy programs
Define Systemic Desensitisation
FEARED stimulus paired with RELAXATION until the stimulus no longer causes fear
- Relaxation training
- Fear HIERARCHY
- GRADED exposure paired with relaxation
Criticisms of behaviorism
- Only focuses on EXTERNAL behaviors
- Treats the symptom, not the CAUSE
- Can cause “Symptom Substitution” (replace with another bad habit)
Define HUMANISTIC model
PERSON is the focus of Tx
INTERNAL experience emphasised
POSITIVE view of people
Who is a KEY person in the humanistic model
Carl Rogers
What are Carl Rogers’ 3 key beliefs?
- People have a natural TENDENCY towards POS self-development
- Goal is “self-actualisation”
- Need enviro of UNCONDITIONAL POS REGARD to allow this
Describe humanistic THERAPY
- Client is the EXPERT
* Therapist GENTLY FACILITATES the client to find their issues
Criticisms of humanism?
- Is “just listenin” enough?
- Concepts are VAGUE
- Idealistic?
Define COGNITIVE Tx
Not enough to focus only on OVERT behaviors
= we respond to our COGNITIVE INTERPRETATIONS of events, not the events themselves
Dysfunctional interpretations = emotional disturbance = ∆behavior
Analogy for the DISTORTED thinking in cognitive theory model
TEFLON against POS feelings
VELCRO for NEG feelings
The ABCs of cognitive Tx?
Activating agent
Belief changes
Consequence
Criticisms of Cognitive Tx
- Lack of empathy (therapeutic relationship???)
* Deals wit symptoms, not the CAUSE
What is CBT?
Define it
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
=combo of COGNITIVE Tx (THINK) and BEHAVIORAL Tx
= TALKING Tx focused on the present
= THOUGHTS trigger FEELINGS which triggers BEHAVIORS
Criticisms of CBT?
- Some may not be able to TALK FREELY
* COMPLEX issues hard to solve in time frame
Define the sociocultural model
Mental health issues develop due to the SOCIAL CONTEXT in which they occur
= family
= community
= society
Explain how the FAMILY may cause mental issues?
Families undergo changes and crises:
- leaving home
- marriage
- birth of children
- mid-life crises
- retirement
3 ways we may change COMMUNITIES to benefit mental health?
- Prevention (Big Buddy programmes)
- Challenging social norms (airbrushing, PS)
- Advocacy for vulnerable groups
