29 Clinical Psych III

Question 1

In history, there have been many COMPETING ideas about mental health which differs in _____ and ______

Answer 1

Different ideas in various REGIONS and ERAS

Question 2

Theories/treatments often TARGETED at

Answer 2

Powerless or oppressed groups

Manipulated by those in POWER

Question 3

3 general TYPES of theories

Answer 3

Nature
Nurture
Religion

Question 4

Initially, ideas were based on…

Later, replaced by…

Answer 4

Initiallu RELIGION

Later PHYSICIANS and REASON

Question 5

Example of an early BIOLOGICAL theory that replaced religion?
Who came up with it?

Answer 5

“HUMOURS” - phlegm, black bile causing depression

Hippocrates

Question 6

List some early explanations for mental health

Answer 6

2000BC - Trepanation
460BC - “Humours” (Hippocrates)
280BC - Temperaments

Question 7

What happened later, dueing 450-1300 AD?

Answer 7

Return of RELIGION

• Exorcisms
• “Divine punishment” for abnormal behaviors

Question 8

What came after the return of religion?

1350

Answer 8

SCIENCE and PSYCHIATRY

• “Royal Bethlam”, the original psychiatric hospital
• Diets
• Drugs
• Bloodletting
• Asylums

Question 9

Main techniques to treat mental illness in the 21st century

Answer 9

Drugs - Ritalin, Lithium, Prozac…
Community care (60s-80s)
Neuroimaging - CT, fMRI, etc

Question 10

Why is medicalisation often NOT a good model?

Answer 10

REDUCTIONIST view that ignores SOCIAL aspects of mental disorders

Question 11

Name some ABUSES of psychology that have targeted certain groups

Answer 11

Sexism - women are “feeble-minded”
Racism - comparing IQ between races
Gay people “treated”

= Poor + Oppressed groups

Question 12

4 definitions of “ABNORMAL” behavior

Answer 12

1. Atypical
2. Socially unacceptable
3. Causes DISTRESS to the patient and people around them
4. Maladaptive

Question 13

What is DSM5

Answer 13

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental disorders 5

Question 14

3 advantages of DSM5

Answer 14

1. COMMUNICATION about research and treatment
2. Diagnosis brings RELIEF and AWARENESS
3. Managers/Policy-makers can allocate FUNDING

Question 15

6 disadvantages of DSM5

Answer 15

Assumes problem is entirely in the PATIENT
Medicalisation suggests “ILLNESS” and ignores social factors
LABELLING creates stigmas
CATEGORIES rather than continuum
Poor reliability - can’t agree on DEFINITION
Poor validity - diagnoses don’t PREDICT behavior