35: The Properties of Water Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the properties of water?

A
  1. water molecules are cohesive
  2. water is a liquid over a wide variety of temperatures
  3. water has a high heat capacity
  4. water has a high heat of vaporization
  5. water is a universal solvent
  6. water has a high surface tension
  7. ice is less dense than liquid water
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2
Q

Describe a water molecule.

A

one oxygen with two hydrogen atoms (H2O)
- tend to be linked to other water molecules (through hydrogen bonds)

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3
Q

What makes water molecules cohesive?

A

go in a gang and work all together (cohesive)
- there are strong forces of attraction between molecules of water
- makes them work as if they were a single unit

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4
Q

What would need to be done to go from liquid to vapor?

A

need to break all the bonds between water molecules

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5
Q

Why is water a liquid in a variety of temperatures?

A

it has a high boiling point and low freezing point

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6
Q

What is freezing point?

A

point in which liquid water becomes ice (0 C or 32 F)

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7
Q

What is boiling point?

A

point at which liquid water becomes a gas (100 C or 212 F)

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8
Q

How does water have a high heat capacity?

A

liquid water changes temperature very slowly
- it can absorb a lot of heat without increasing its temperature
- it can also release a lot of heat without lowering its temperature

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9
Q

What does water’s high heat capacity explain?

A

it is the reason why coastal cities are going to be much warmer in winter and cooler in summer
- proximity to the ocean is going to temper the climate

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10
Q

Why does water have a high heat of vaporization?

A

takes a lot of heat to evaporate liquid water
- use a lot of heat and energy to break bonds between water molecules
- good because animals and plants can release excess heat by converting liquid water into steam or vapor through transpiration

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11
Q

Why is water a universal solvent?

A

water can dissolve a variety of compounds
- nutrients, waste pollutants
- any chemicals are soluble in water

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12
Q

What are the benefits of water being a universal solvent?

A

good for organisms who use things like blood; also good for plants to dissolve nutrients
- can make water good at conducting electricity (good or bad depending on situation)

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13
Q

What are the disadvantages of water being a universal solvent?

A

can dissolve waste; water is easily polluted

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14
Q

Why does water have a high surface tension?

A

water’s surface behaves like a membrane
- strong bonds between water molecules
- due to this, many insects and even a lizard can walk on water

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15
Q

What makes ice less dense than liquid water?

A

water expands when it freezes which is the reason why ice floats over water
- different than most other compounds, when they become solid, they contract
- lakes don’t freeze solid (but pipes break when they freeze)

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16
Q

What would happen if ice was not less dense than liquid water?

A

if we did not have this property all the lakes would freeze solid and fish would be frozen inside water

17
Q

Where is the all the water on Earth?

A

97.6% in oceans and in saline lakes (not fresh water)
2.4% fresh water

18
Q

Where is the fresh water on Earth?

A

87% is in ice and snow
13% liquid water

19
Q

Where is the liquid fresh water on Earth?

A

95% is in groundwater
2% in soil moisture
3% in lakes, rivers, streams

20
Q

What percent of water are in living things?

A

living things are made up of 70% water on average

21
Q

What should we worry about?

A

having too much water or too little water and having poor quality water

22
Q

What is an example of having too much water?

A

floods in Pakistan 2022 cause of Hurricane Ian

23
Q

What is an example of having too little water?

A

drought in California 2022

24
Q

What is an example of having poor quality water?

A

Flint Michigan 2016