19/20: Possible Solutions to Biodiversity Loss Flashcards

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1
Q

What are endangered species?

A

species which is in imminent danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range

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2
Q

What are threatened species?

A

species which is likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range

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3
Q

What is the precautionary principle?

A

an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure; we need to act before the species is extinct or threatened

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4
Q

What is the single species approach?

A

focus on a single species and easy to monitor
- by protecting one species (ex: panda) the rest of the species will benefit as well

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5
Q

What is an umbrella species?

A

a species that when protected can help the rest of the species benefit
- protects species related to it

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6
Q

What is the ecosystem approach?

A

focuses on the whole ecosystem and protects several species and the interaction between them
- harder to monitor

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7
Q

If you want to obtain maximum possible benefit in protecting biodiversity, you want to protect regions with high levels of biodiversity. How are these regions called?

A

biodiversity hotspots

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8
Q

What are some ways to protect or restore biodiversity?

A
  1. conservation biology
  2. laws
  3. international treaties
  4. captive breeding and reintroduction programs
  5. protected areas
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9
Q

What is conservation biology?

A

mission oriented crisis discipline, multidisciplinary science that addresses the loss of biological diversity

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10
Q

What are the 2 goals of conservation biology?

A

1: evaluate human impacts of biological diversity
2: develop practical approaches to prevent the extinction of species

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11
Q

What is the endangered species act (1973)?

A

a list of species that are threatened or endangered; it has a no take provision and creates a plan for recovery

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12
Q

What is a no take provision?

A

prohibits landowners from causing harm to listed species

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13
Q

What is the habitat conservation plan (ESA)?

A

a program that grants exceptions to the no-take provision principle
- a landowner can apply for a permit that allows them to take actions that will negatively impact a listed species as long as it comes with a plan to mitigate the impact in its property

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14
Q

What happened to the bald eagle?

A

the bald eagle has been delisted in the lower 48 states where it has recovered dramatically following the cancelation of the pesticides like DDT and through a program of reintroduction and nest site protection

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15
Q

What insecticide was killing the bald eagles?

A

DDT

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16
Q

What is the convention on international trade in endangered species treaty(CITE:1973)?

A

international agreement to prevent trade of animals and plants that are threatened for survival

17
Q

What is the convention on biological diversity treaty (CBD:1992)?

A

every country that is signatory has to come up with strategies and plans to bring back biodiversity

18
Q

What are captive breeding programs?

A
  • egg pulling
  • incubators
  • artificial insemination
  • surgical implantation of eggs into surrogate mother
  • cross-fostering (peregrine falcons –> prairie falcons)
  • cloning
19
Q

What are institutions that protect biodiversity?

A
  • gene banks
  • seed banks
  • arboretums
  • botanical gardens
  • zoos
  • aquariums
20
Q

What are examples of successful captive breeding programs?

A

the California condors and black footed ferrets

21
Q

What are protected areas?

A

an area that cannot be economically exploited, people can’t live there

22
Q

What did the international union for conservation of nature (IUCN) do?

A

it published a red list of endangered species

23
Q

What is an example of a national park?

A

yellowstone—first national park established in 1872 by President U.S Grant