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BIO (LEC) 110.01 > 3.5: Flowers > Flashcards

3.5: Flowers Flashcards

1
Q

Flower symmetry

A
  • an assessment of the presence/number of mirror-image planes
  • can be an important adaptation relative to pollination system
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2
Q

radial symmetry
3 or more planes of symmetry

A

actinomorphic

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3
Q

bilateral symmetry; monosymmetric/irregular
only one plane of symmetry

A

zygomorphic

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4
Q

lacks any plane of symmetry
twisting of parts

A

asymmetric

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5
Q

where does it increase in cell divisions during floral development?
has determinate growth

A

floral apical meristem

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6
Q

stamens can be attacked to the following…

A

receptacle, corolla, staminal disk

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7
Q

stamen types

A

filamentous, laminar, staminode

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8
Q

stamen type- flattened structure with two thecae on the adaxial surface

A

laminar stamens

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9
Q

stamen type- filament + anther

A

filamentous stamens

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10
Q

stamen type- non fertile stamen

A

staminode

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11
Q

stamen arrangement- w stamens arranged in a spiral

A

spiral

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12
Q

stamen arrangement- w stamens in one or more discrete whorls or series

A

whorled

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13
Q

w stamens in two unequal pairs

A

didynamous

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14
Q

w stamens in two groups of four long and two short

A

tetradynamous

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15
Q

w stamens in two equal pairs

A

didymous

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16
Q

stamen verticil- single whorl of stamens

A

uniseriate

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17
Q

stamen verticil- two whorls of stamens

A

biseriate

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18
Q

stamen attachment- filament present

A

filamentous

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19
Q

stament attachment- filament absent

A

sessile

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20
Q

stamen attachment- filament very short and rudimentary

A

subsessile

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21
Q

stamen insertion- w stamens protruding beyond the perianth

A

exserted

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22
Q

stamen insertion- w stamens included w/in the perianth

A

inserted

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23
Q

unfused to one another

A

distinct

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24
Q

fused to one another

A

connate

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25
Q

unfused to a different structure

A

free

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26
Q

fused to a different structure

A

adnate

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27
Q

totality of the female reproductive parts

A

gynoecium

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28
Q

unit of gynoecium; a modified, typically conduplicate megasporophyll enclosing one or more ovules

A

carpel

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29
Q

collection of carpels fused (or not) together; composed of ovary, style, stigma

A

pistil

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30
Q

ovary part: where ovules are produced

A

placenta

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31
Q

ovary part: precursor of seed

A

ovules

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32
Q

ovary part: attaches the ovule to the ovary wall

A

funiculus

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33
Q

ovary part: encloses the nucellus (always two integuments)

A

integuments

34
Q

ovary part: opening in integument

35
Q

ovary part: megasporangium

36
Q

contains the ovules

37
Q

stalk-like, non-ovule-bearing portion of the pistil (between the stigma and ovary)

38
Q

pollen-receptive portion of the pistil

39
Q

flower w one carpel

A

monocarpous

40
Q

flower w fused carpel

A

syncarpous

41
Q

flower w separated carpel

A

apocarpous

42
Q

a cuplike/tubular enlargemet of the receptacle, loosely surrounding the gynoecium or united w it

A

hypanthium

43
Q

refers to the positioning of the ovules and takes into account the number and position of placentae, septa, and locules

A

placentation

44
Q

style position is one arising at the overy apex

A

terminal/apical

45
Q

style arises to one side, near and slightly below the ovary apex

46
Q

style position is one arising at the side of an ovary

47
Q

style arises from the base of the ovary

48
Q

stigma disk shaped

49
Q

stigma spherical shaped

50
Q

stigma/stigmatic tissue long and narrow in shape

51
Q

stigmas w feathery, trichome-like extensions, often foudn in wind-pollinated taxa

52
Q

outermost, non-reproductive group of modified leaves of a flower; collective term for calyx & corolla
for protection, pollination

53
Q

sepals almost identical in structure and function with petals

54
Q

gives petals soft texture and a velvety appearance

55
Q

perianth verticil- two distinct whorls, outer/lower and inner/upper

56
Q

perianth verticil- w perianth parts in a single whorl

A

uniseriate

57
Q

perianth cycly- perianth composed of a distinct outer calyx and inner corolla; mostly eudicots

A

dichlamydeous

58
Q

perianth cycly- perianth composed of similar parts, each part a tepal; mostly monocots

A

homochlamydeous

59
Q

having the same number of members in different whorls

60
Q

having a different number in different whorls

A

anisomerous

61
Q

number of parts per whorl of the perianth

A

perianth merosity

62
Q

unfused petals and sepals

A

apopetalous, aposepalous

63
Q

fused petals and sepals

A

sympetalous, symsepalous

64
Q

the position, arrangement, and overlapping of floral perianth parts

A

perianth aestivation

65
Q

specialized nectar-producing structures of the flower

66
Q

solution of sugars and various other compounds and functions as an attractant to promote animal pollination

67
Q

inflorescence position: entire inflorescence is positioned in the axil of the nearest vegetative leaf

68
Q

inflorescence position: inflorescence develops as part of a terminal shoot that gave rise to the nearest vegetative leaves

69
Q

inflorescence grows directly from a woody trunk

A

cauliflorous

70
Q

with pedicel

A

pedicellate

71
Q

lacking pedicel

72
Q

stamen developing first

73
Q

carpels developing before stamen

74
Q

perianth remains closed at maturity
auto-fertilization

A

cleistogamy

75
Q

perianth opens at maturity
pollen may be dispersed
normal situation

A

chasmogamy

76
Q

maturation of male organs

77
Q

all floral male (pollen producing) reproductive organs (stamen)

A

androecium

78
Q

stamen position- opposite to sepals

A

antisepalous

79
Q

stamen position- between petals

A

alternipetalous

80
Q

stamen position- opposite to petals

A

antipetalous

81
Q

stamen position- between sepals

A

alternisepalous

BIO (LEC) 110.01 (13 decks)

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