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BIO (LEC) 110.01 > 3.1: Plant Tissues > Flashcards

3.1: Plant Tissues Flashcards

1
Q
  • derived from apical meristems
  • composed of primary tissues
  • constitues the herbaceous parts of the plant
A

primary plant body

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2
Q
  • derived from lateral meristems
  • composed of secondary tissues
  • constitutes wood/bark of a plant
A

secondary plant body

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3
Q

most common type of plant cell:
- thin, flexible primary walls
- constitutes as herbaceous parts of plants
- fills up empty space in plants
- totipotent

A

parenchyma

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4
Q

parenchyma found in stem; bring structure

A

pith parenchyma

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5
Q

Composed of tightly packed parenchyma cells

A

pith tissue

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6
Q

parenchyma found in roots; sink organ

A

cortical parenchyma

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7
Q

parenchyma found in seeds

A

storage parenchyma

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8
Q

parenchyma found in leaves; mainly for photosynthesis

A

chlorenchyma

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9
Q

“air infusion” network formed from individual parenchyma cells; for respiration (mostly aquatic)

A

aerenchyma

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10
Q

single layer of parenchyma cells that serves as the outermost layer

A

epidermis

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11
Q

type of epidermis: contain hydrophobic compounds that cover epidermis
- major novelty in the evolution of land plants to colonize the land

A

cuticular membrane

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12
Q

functions of cuticular membranes

A
  • prevents dessication
  • inhibit pathogen invasion
  • blocks certain wavelengths of UV radiation
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13
Q

type of epidermis: top translucent layer tightly packed to avoid loss of water (undifferentiated)

A

pavement cells

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14
Q

type of epidermis: protection of mesophyll, subjacent to epidermis (usually bigger, not always present)

A

hypodermis

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15
Q

what does the hypodermis do?

A

it heightens absorption of light in lower layers where little amount of light is reached

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16
Q

part of epidermis: regulates entry of CO2/ exit of water, O2
prevents water loss

A

stomatal pore complex

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17
Q

specialized epidermal cells: change shape when swollen with water; can photosynthesize

A

guard cells

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18
Q

specialized epidermal cells: work w guard cells, normally supply potassium

A

subsidiary cells

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19
Q

distribution of stomatal pore complex: adaxial (top of leaf)

A

epistomatic

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20
Q

distribution of stomatal pore complex: abaxial (under leaf)

A

hypostomatic

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21
Q

distribution of stomatal pore complex: both adaxial and abaxial

A

amphistomatic

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22
Q

extensions of epidermis that protect leaves from biotic/abiotic stresses

A

trichomes

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23
Q

functions of trichomes

A
  • raises humidity in air directly in contact w leaf surface
  • reduce amount of light entering lead mesophyll
  • protect from herbivory w physical/chemical barrier
  • avoid water loss/ excess evapotranspiration
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24
Q

trichome shape: tip breaks=chemical components injected

A

stinging hair

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25
plant family with release chemical like a needle in trichome
urticeae
26
trichome shape: biosynthesis of secondary metabolites occuring in secretory disk cells lining base of globular trichome head (repels insects)
glandular trichome
27
type of plant cell: structural tissue to support function w/o restraining growth; in young parts of plant; alive and exhibits plasticity
collenchyma
28
type of collenchyma: forms angles between cells; for circular cells and wall thickening
angular collenchyma
29
type of collenchyma: unidirectional filling between rectangular cells
lamellar collenchyma
30
type of collenchyma: intracellular space in center of "angles"; in plants that need inc gas exchange in tissue while being strong
lacunar collenchyma
31
type of collenchyma: evenly deposited primary wall thickenings; little/no intracellular spaces
annular collenchyma
32
fatty substance that makes the wall impermeable to water; forms cuticle layer
cutin
33
thinner region where only primary wall is present; interrupts secondary walls of tracheids & vessel elements
pits
34
type of cell: supports plant by strength alone; stronger than collenchyma; provide long-distance water transport; dead cells
sclerenchyma
35
type of sclerenchyma: provide most leaf support; protects phloem; elongated w tapered ends; found in cortex clusters
fibers
36
type of sclerenchyma: compact singly or in clumps; strongly related to hormonal signals
sclereids
37
kind of sclereid: (in fruits) give strength/support to peduncle of fruits; smallest kind
brachysclereids
38
forms leaf scars for wounded plant to protect/strengthen area
sclerification
39
kind of sclereid: (in leaves) strengthened by lignin + calcium oxalate crystals; helps form shape
astrosclereids
40
kind of sclereid: (in seeds) protects seeds by forming seed coat in legumes
macrosclereids, osteosclereids
41
functions of macrosclereids, osteosclereids
- deter herbivory/ insect attacks - prevent water loss/ dessication - prevent dormancy-promoting hormones from leaching out
42
kind of sclerenchyma: helps w movement of water from roots to leaves during transpiration; conducting cells of xylem
tracheary elements
43
type of tracheary elements: long narrow vessel elements w tapered ends
tracheids
44
type of tracheary elements: short wide w various end-wall styles; aligned end to end forming long pipes called vessels
vessel elements
45
exhibits determinate growth; stop growing after reaching a certain size
animal growth
46
exhibits indeterminate growth; growth occurs throughout plant's life
plant growth
47
group of cells capable of dividing indefinitely; production of new growth
meristems
48
type of meristem: for primary growth/ length
apical meristems
49
two types of apical meristems
root apical meristem (RAM), shoot apical meristem (SAM)
50
type of meristem: for secondary growth/thickness
lateral meristems
51
type of lateral meristem: gives rise to secondary xylem where most thickening takes place
vascular cambium
52
type of lateral meristem: replaces epidermis w tougher periderm
cork cambium
53
made possible by apical meristems at the tips of shoots and roots
primary growth
54
made possible by two lateral meristems extending along the length of a shoot or root where primary growth has ceased
secondary growth
55
type of primary tissue: outermost region that will give rise to epidermis
protoderm
56
type of primary tissue: consists of parenchyma cells that will give rise to ground tissues
ground meristem
57
in ground meristem: protect/maintain vascular bundles; interior to epidermis; homogenous photosynthetic parenchyma+collenchyma
cortex
58
type of primary tissue: provides primary tissues to vascular system
procambium
59
from procambium: conducts water and minerals; dead but functional at maturity
xylem
60
from procambium: distributes sugars and minerals; alive at functional maturity
phloem
61
2 types of conducting cells in xylem (tracheary elements)
tracheids vessel elements
62
a set of rings secondary walls are organized in
annular thickenings
63
2 types of conducting cells in phloem (sieve elements)
sieve cells sieve tube members
64
immature parenchymous sieve elements enlarge plasmodesmata's diameter forming...
sieve pores
65
sieve pores occuring as clusters; regulates flow of water
sieve areas
66
tracheary element: long, thin cells w tapered ends; water move from cell to cell mainly through pits
tracheids
67
tracheary element: wider, shorter, thinner walled, less tapered than tracheids; aligned end to end forming long pipes known as vessels
vessel elements
68
sieve element: elongated spindle shaped; sieve areas are distributed over all its surface; found only in non-angiosperms
sieve cells
69
sieve element: have large sieve pores, sieve areas are rather small; stacked end to end w their large sieve area aligned called sieve plate; only in angiosperms
sieve tube members
70
from procambium: contain both xylem+phloem strands running parallel to each other; interior to cortex
vascular bundle
71
arrangement of vascular bundle: more defined, scattered in...
monocots
72
arrangement of vascular bundles: forms ring surrounding pith in...
dicots

BIO (LEC) 110.01 (13 decks)

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