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BIO (LEC) 110.01 > 3.1: Plant Tissues > Flashcards

3.1: Plant Tissues Flashcards

1
Q
  • derived from apical meristems
  • composed of primary tissues
  • constitues the herbaceous parts of the plant
A

primary plant body

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2
Q
  • derived from lateral meristems
  • composed of secondary tissues
  • constitutes wood/bark of a plant
A

secondary plant body

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3
Q

most common type of plant cell:
- thin, flexible primary walls
- constitutes as herbaceous parts of plants
- fills up empty space in plants
- totipotent

A

parenchyma

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4
Q

parenchyma found in stem; bring structure

A

pith parenchyma

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5
Q

Composed of tightly packed parenchyma cells

A

pith tissue

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6
Q

parenchyma found in roots; sink organ

A

cortical parenchyma

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7
Q

parenchyma found in seeds

A

storage parenchyma

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8
Q

parenchyma found in leaves; mainly for photosynthesis

A

chlorenchyma

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9
Q

“air infusion” network formed from individual parenchyma cells; for respiration (mostly aquatic)

A

aerenchyma

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10
Q

single layer of parenchyma cells that serves as the outermost layer

A

epidermis

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11
Q

type of epidermis: contain hydrophobic compounds that cover epidermis
- major novelty in the evolution of land plants to colonize the land

A

cuticular membrane

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12
Q

functions of cuticular membranes

A
  • prevents dessication
  • inhibit pathogen invasion
  • blocks certain wavelengths of UV radiation
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13
Q

type of epidermis: top translucent layer tightly packed to avoid loss of water (undifferentiated)

A

pavement cells

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14
Q

type of epidermis: protection of mesophyll, subjacent to epidermis (usually bigger, not always present)

A

hypodermis

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15
Q

what does the hypodermis do?

A

it heightens absorption of light in lower layers where little amount of light is reached

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16
Q

part of epidermis: regulates entry of CO2/ exit of water, O2
prevents water loss

A

stomatal pore complex

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17
Q

specialized epidermal cells: change shape when swollen with water; can photosynthesize

A

guard cells

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18
Q

specialized epidermal cells: work w guard cells, normally supply potassium

A

subsidiary cells

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19
Q

distribution of stomatal pore complex: adaxial (top of leaf)

A

epistomatic

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20
Q

distribution of stomatal pore complex: abaxial (under leaf)

A

hypostomatic

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21
Q

distribution of stomatal pore complex: both adaxial and abaxial

A

amphistomatic

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22
Q

extensions of epidermis that protect leaves from biotic/abiotic stresses

A

trichomes

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23
Q

functions of trichomes

A
  • raises humidity in air directly in contact w leaf surface
  • reduce amount of light entering lead mesophyll
  • protect from herbivory w physical/chemical barrier
  • avoid water loss/ excess evapotranspiration
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24
Q

trichome shape: tip breaks=chemical components injected

A

stinging hair

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25
Q

plant family with release chemical like a needle in trichome

A

urticeae

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26
Q

trichome shape: biosynthesis of secondary metabolites occuring in secretory disk cells lining base of globular trichome head (repels insects)

A

glandular trichome

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27
Q

type of plant cell: structural tissue to support function w/o restraining growth; in young parts of plant; alive and exhibits plasticity

A

collenchyma

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28
Q

type of collenchyma: forms angles between cells; for circular cells and wall thickening

A

angular collenchyma

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29
Q

type of collenchyma: unidirectional filling between rectangular cells

A

lamellar collenchyma

30
Q

type of collenchyma: intracellular space in center of “angles”; in plants that need inc gas exchange in tissue while being strong

A

lacunar collenchyma

31
Q

type of collenchyma: evenly deposited primary wall thickenings; little/no intracellular spaces

A

annular collenchyma

32
Q

fatty substance that makes the wall impermeable to water; forms cuticle layer

A

cutin

33
Q

thinner region where only primary wall is present; interrupts secondary walls of tracheids & vessel elements

A

pits

34
Q

type of cell: supports plant by strength alone; stronger than collenchyma; provide long-distance water transport; dead cells

A

sclerenchyma

35
Q

type of sclerenchyma: provide most leaf support; protects phloem; elongated w tapered ends; found in cortex clusters

A

fibers

36
Q

type of sclerenchyma: compact singly or in clumps; strongly related to hormonal signals

A

sclereids

37
Q

kind of sclereid: (in fruits) give strength/support to peduncle of fruits; smallest kind

A

brachysclereids

38
Q

forms leaf scars for wounded plant to protect/strengthen area

A

sclerification

39
Q

kind of sclereid: (in leaves) strengthened by lignin + calcium oxalate crystals; helps form shape

A

astrosclereids

40
Q

kind of sclereid: (in seeds) protects seeds by forming seed coat in legumes

A

macrosclereids, osteosclereids

41
Q

functions of macrosclereids, osteosclereids

A
  • deter herbivory/ insect attacks
  • prevent water loss/ dessication
  • prevent dormancy-promoting hormones from leaching out
42
Q

kind of sclerenchyma: helps w movement of water from roots to leaves during transpiration; conducting cells of xylem

A

tracheary elements

43
Q

type of tracheary elements: long narrow vessel elements w tapered ends

A

tracheids

44
Q

type of tracheary elements: short wide w various end-wall styles;
aligned end to end forming long pipes called vessels

A

vessel elements

45
Q

exhibits determinate growth; stop growing after reaching a certain size

A

animal growth

46
Q

exhibits indeterminate growth; growth occurs throughout plant’s life

A

plant growth

47
Q

group of cells capable of dividing indefinitely; production of new growth

A

meristems

48
Q

type of meristem: for primary growth/ length

A

apical meristems

49
Q

two types of apical meristems

A

root apical meristem (RAM), shoot apical meristem (SAM)

50
Q

type of meristem: for secondary growth/thickness

A

lateral meristems

51
Q

type of lateral meristem: gives rise to secondary xylem where most thickening takes place

A

vascular cambium

52
Q

type of lateral meristem: replaces epidermis w tougher periderm

A

cork cambium

53
Q

made possible by apical meristems at the tips of shoots and roots

A

primary growth

54
Q

made possible by two lateral meristems extending along the length of a shoot or root where primary growth has ceased

A

secondary growth

55
Q

type of primary tissue: outermost region that will give rise to epidermis

A

protoderm

56
Q

type of primary tissue: consists of parenchyma cells that will give rise to ground tissues

A

ground meristem

57
Q

in ground meristem: protect/maintain vascular bundles; interior to epidermis; homogenous photosynthetic parenchyma+collenchyma

A

cortex

58
Q

type of primary tissue: provides primary tissues to vascular system

A

procambium

59
Q

from procambium: conducts water and minerals; dead but functional at maturity

A

xylem

60
Q

from procambium: distributes sugars and minerals; alive at functional maturity

A

phloem

61
Q

2 types of conducting cells in xylem (tracheary elements)

A

tracheids
vessel elements

62
Q

a set of rings secondary walls are organized in

A

annular thickenings

63
Q

2 types of conducting cells in phloem (sieve elements)

A

sieve cells
sieve tube members

64
Q

immature parenchymous sieve elements enlarge plasmodesmata’s diameter forming…

A

sieve pores

65
Q

sieve pores occuring as clusters; regulates flow of water

A

sieve areas

66
Q

tracheary element: long, thin cells w tapered ends; water move from cell to cell mainly through pits

A

tracheids

67
Q

tracheary element: wider, shorter, thinner walled, less tapered than tracheids;
aligned end to end forming long pipes known as vessels

A

vessel elements

68
Q

sieve element: elongated spindle shaped; sieve areas are distributed over all its surface; found only in non-angiosperms

A

sieve cells

69
Q

sieve element: have large sieve pores, sieve areas are rather small; stacked end to end w their large sieve area aligned called sieve plate; only in angiosperms

A

sieve tube members

70
Q

from procambium: contain both xylem+phloem strands running parallel to each other;
interior to cortex

A

vascular bundle

71
Q

arrangement of vascular bundle: more defined, scattered in…

A

monocots

72
Q

arrangement of vascular bundles: forms ring surrounding pith in…

A

dicots

BIO (LEC) 110.01 (13 decks)

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