2.2- Photosynthesis II- Calvin Cycle

Question 1

predominant pathway of autotrophic CO2 fixation;
process of how CO2 is fixed through the use of ATP and NADPH that are generated by the light reactions

Answer 1

calvin-benson cycle

Question 2

3 major steps of carbon-benson cycle

Answer 2

1. carboxylation
2. reduction
3. regeneration

Question 3

type of rubisco found in most autotrophic organisms that harbors small subunits [L8S8]

Answer 3

Type I

Question 4

phase of CB cycle that converts 6 molecules of 3-PGA from the carboxylation stage into 6 molecules of G3P

Answer 4

Reduction

Question 5

phase of CB cycle that turns RuBP to yield 2 molecules of 3-PGA in the first enzymatic step

Answer 5

Carboxylation

Question 6

phase of CB cycle last/largest set of reactions to regenerate 2 molecules of RuBP, allow continuous uptake of atmosphere Co2;
1 G3P is used to synthesize photosynthetic product while 5 G3P are recycled

Answer 6

Regeneration

Question 7

3 steps in carboxylation

Answer 7

1. keto-enol isomerization
2. condensation
3. hydration/pronation

Question 8

enzyme in carboxylation

Answer 8

RubisCO

Question 9

enzyme in step 1 of reduction

Answer 9

3-phosphoglycerate kinase

Question 10

enzyme in step 2 of reduction

Answer 10

NADP-G3P dehydrogenase

Question 11

the amounts of enzymes present in the chloroplast stroma are regulated by the…

Answer 11

concerted expression of nuclear and chloroplast genomes

Question 12

regulates activity of RubisCO
prepares it for catalytic cycle

Answer 12

rubisco activase

Question 13

regulates enzymes by redox transitions
can form covalent bonds w other proteins
regulates activity of proteins in cycle

Answer 13

ferredoxin-thioredoxin system

Question 14

a respiratory process in many higher plants by which they take up oxygen in the light and give out some Co2, contrary to general pattern of photosynthesis
rubisco mistakes C02 for O2

Answer 14

photorespiration

Question 15

plants that produce OAA
spatial separation of steps where carbon fixation/calvin cycle occur in different types of cells

Answer 15

C4 plants

Question 16

different types of cells where C4 plant carbon fixations occur

Answer 16

mesophyll, bundle sheath

Question 17

plant w temporal separation of steps where carbon fixation/ calvin cycle occur in same cell but different times

Answer 17

Crustacean acid metabolism (CAM)

Question 18

plants that form 3-PGA as the 1st stable compound

Answer 18

C3 plants

Question 19

unique to plants that utilize C4 pathway
provides spacial separation of carbon fixations

Answer 19

kranz anatomy

Question 20

pros of C4 pathway

Answer 20

-saves H20 by reducing stomatal aperture
-generates high Co2/O2 ratio

Question 21

cons of C4 pathway

Answer 21

-requires more energy
-ratios insufficient compared to C3 plants

Question 22

CAM similarity w C4 pathway

Answer 22

they both utilize PEP carboxylase

Question 23

sucrose & starch
accumulated during the day;
source of energy for plant development

Answer 23

photosynthates

Question 24

carbon metabolism of leaves also responds to the requirements of _______ for energy and growth

Answer 24

sink tissues

Question 25

final product of calvin-benson cycle
isomer of dihydroxyacetone phosphate

Answer 25

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

Question 26

communicates the carbon and energy status of tissues sustaining autotrophic assimilation to compartments performing heterotrophic consumption

Answer 26

sucrose

Question 27

stored form of carbohydrates in plants
2nd most abundant polysaccharides next to cellulose

Answer 27

starch