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BIO (LEC) 110.01 > 2.1- Photosynthesis 1- Light reaction > Flashcards

2.1- Photosynthesis 1- Light reaction Flashcards

1
Q

2 properties of light

A

particles
waves

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2
Q

particle of light

A

photon

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3
Q

amount of energy each photon contains

A

quantum

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4
Q

Relation- E = h × ν
the energy (E) of a photon depends on the frequency of the light

A

Planck’s law

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5
Q

molecules that absorb light

A

pigments

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6
Q

transitions to an excited state occur only when the energy exactly matches the energy gap between the ground state energy (Eg) and the excited state energy (Ee)

A

law of quantum mechanics

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7
Q

4 alternatives in disposing its energy when chlorophyll in unstable during its higher excited state

A

Fluorescence, relaxation, energy transfer, photochemistry

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8
Q

return to its ground state; release of photon

A

flourescence

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9
Q

return to its ground state, but no release of photon

A

relaxation

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10
Q

transfer the energy to another molecule

A

energy transfer

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11
Q

energy of the excited state causes chemical reactions

A

photochemistry

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12
Q

light-absorbing pigment all photoautotrophic organisms contain

synthesized by plants, algae, cyanobacteria

A

chlorophyll

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13
Q

pigment molecular variant of chlorophyll anaerobic photosynthetic bacteria produce

A

bacteriochlorophyll

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14
Q

C20 long hydrophobic tail in chlorophyll structure

A

phytol tail

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15
Q

Chlorophyll a absorbs these the most…

A

violet
orange

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16
Q

Chlorophyll b absorbs these the most…

A

blue
yellow

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17
Q

tetraterpene (C40) molecules derived from eight isoprene units, the products of the non-mevalonate pathway located in the chloroplast

A

carotenoids

18
Q

roles of carotenoids

A
  • responsible for orange/yellow colors
    -accessory light-harvesting pigments
    -assembly of light-harvesting complexes
    -protecting photosynthetic apparatus
19
Q

site of biophysical and biochemical reactions of photosynthesis
arose from endosymbiotic association of a protoeukaryotic cell + photosynthetic bacterium

A

chloroplast structure

20
Q

component of photosystem- absorb light energy, transfer energy to RC

A

antenna complex

21
Q

component of photosystem- electron transfer

A

reaction center

22
Q

proteins associated w antenna pigments

A

light-harvesting Complex (LHC) proteins

23
Q

Electron acceptor type- reduces an Fe-S cluster;
present in green sulfur bacteria

A

Type 1 (Fe-S type)

24
Q

Electron acceptor type- reduces quinone; present in purple bacteria

A

Type II (Q type)

25
Q

PS II is a light-driven…

A

water plastoquinone oxidoreductase

26
Q

PS I is a light-driven…

A

plastocyanin-ferrodoxin oxidoreductase

27
Q

major protein complexes in the thylakoid

A

PS II
Cytochrome b6f
PS I
ATP synthase

28
Q

Major protein complex in thylakoid- transfer e- from plastoquinol to plastocyanin

A

Crytochrome b6f

29
Q

a small water-soluble copper-containing protein
transfer electrons between cytochrome b6f complex and P700
found in lumenal space

A

Plastocyanin

30
Q

protein found instead of plastocyanin in certain green algae/cyanobacteria

A

c-type cytochrome

31
Q

ATP synthase segment- Transmembrane segment; participates in translocating protons across the membrane to the catalytic portion of the enzyme

A

CF0

32
Q

ATP synthase segment- a hydrophilic segment on the stromal surface; involved in the actual conversation of ADP and P to yield ATP, using energy stored in the proton gradient

A

CF1

33
Q

400-kDa enzyme that contains 9 different subunits

A

ATP synthase

34
Q

CF1 subunit- catalyze the phosphorylation of ADP into ATP

A

α & β

35
Q

CF1 subunit- links CF1 to CF0

A

δ

36
Q

CF1 subunit- appears to control proton gating through the enzyme

A

y

37
Q

CF1 subunit- blocks catalysis in the dark, preventing the breakdown of ATP
may also be involved in proton gating

A

ε

38
Q

nucleotide-binding site on enzyme- available to bind ADP and Pi (open)

A

O-site

39
Q

nucleotide-binding site on enzyme- in which ADP and Pi are loosely bound (loose)

A

L-site

40
Q

nucleotide-binding site on enzyme- where ATP is formed (tight)

A

T-site

41
Q

decrease efficiency of photosynthesis from damage caused by toxic photoproducts from high light intensities

A

photoinhibition

42
Q

processes dissipate excess absorbed light energy harmlessly as heat
results in de-excitation of the singlet state of chlorophyll in the antenna of PSII

A

nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ)

BIO (LEC) 110.01 (13 decks)

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