2.1- Photosynthesis 1- Light reaction

Question 1

2 properties of light

Answer 1

particles
waves

Question 2

particle of light

Answer 2

photon

Question 3

amount of energy each photon contains

Answer 3

quantum

Question 4

Relation- E = h × ν
the energy (E) of a photon depends on the frequency of the light

Answer 4

Planck’s law

Question 5

molecules that absorb light

Answer 5

pigments

Question 6

transitions to an excited state occur only when the energy exactly matches the energy gap between the ground state energy (Eg) and the excited state energy (Ee)

Answer 6

law of quantum mechanics

Question 7

4 alternatives in disposing its energy when chlorophyll in unstable during its higher excited state

Answer 7

Fluorescence, relaxation, energy transfer, photochemistry

Question 8

return to its ground state; release of photon

Answer 8

flourescence

Question 9

return to its ground state, but no release of photon

Answer 9

relaxation

Question 10

transfer the energy to another molecule

Answer 10

energy transfer

Question 11

energy of the excited state causes chemical reactions

Answer 11

photochemistry

Question 12

light-absorbing pigment all photoautotrophic organisms contain

synthesized by plants, algae, cyanobacteria

Answer 12

chlorophyll

Question 13

pigment molecular variant of chlorophyll anaerobic photosynthetic bacteria produce

Answer 13

bacteriochlorophyll

Question 14

C20 long hydrophobic tail in chlorophyll structure

Answer 14

phytol tail

Question 15

Chlorophyll a absorbs these the most…

Answer 15

violet
orange

Question 16

Chlorophyll b absorbs these the most…

Answer 16

blue
yellow

Question 17

tetraterpene (C40) molecules derived from eight isoprene units, the products of the non-mevalonate pathway located in the chloroplast

Answer 17

carotenoids

Question 18

roles of carotenoids

Answer 18

• responsible for orange/yellow colors
  -accessory light-harvesting pigments
  -assembly of light-harvesting complexes
  -protecting photosynthetic apparatus

Question 19

site of biophysical and biochemical reactions of photosynthesis
arose from endosymbiotic association of a protoeukaryotic cell + photosynthetic bacterium

Answer 19

chloroplast structure

Question 20

component of photosystem- absorb light energy, transfer energy to RC

Answer 20

antenna complex

Question 21

component of photosystem- electron transfer

Answer 21

reaction center

Question 22

proteins associated w antenna pigments

Answer 22

light-harvesting Complex (LHC) proteins

Question 23

Electron acceptor type- reduces an Fe-S cluster;
present in green sulfur bacteria

Answer 23

Type 1 (Fe-S type)

Question 24

Electron acceptor type- reduces quinone; present in purple bacteria

Answer 24

Type II (Q type)

Question 25

PS II is a light-driven...

Answer 25

water plastoquinone oxidoreductase

Question 26

PS I is a light-driven...

Answer 26

plastocyanin-ferrodoxin oxidoreductase

Question 27

major protein complexes in the thylakoid

Answer 27

PS II Cytochrome b6f PS I ATP synthase

Question 28

Major protein complex in thylakoid- transfer e- from plastoquinol to plastocyanin

Answer 28

Crytochrome b6f

Question 29

a small water-soluble copper-containing protein transfer electrons between cytochrome b6f complex and P700 found in lumenal space

Answer 29

Plastocyanin

Question 30

protein found instead of plastocyanin in certain green algae/cyanobacteria

Answer 30

c-type cytochrome

Question 31

ATP synthase segment- Transmembrane segment; participates in translocating protons across the membrane to the catalytic portion of the enzyme

Answer 31

CF0

Question 32

ATP synthase segment- a hydrophilic segment on the stromal surface; involved in the actual conversation of ADP and P to yield ATP, using energy stored in the proton gradient

Answer 32

CF1

Question 33

400-kDa enzyme that contains 9 different subunits

Answer 33

ATP synthase

Question 34

CF1 subunit- catalyze the phosphorylation of ADP into ATP

Answer 34

α & β

Question 35

CF1 subunit- links CF1 to CF0

Answer 35

δ

Question 36

CF1 subunit- appears to control proton gating through the enzyme

Answer 36

y

Question 37

CF1 subunit- blocks catalysis in the dark, preventing the breakdown of ATP may also be involved in proton gating

Answer 37

ε

Question 38

nucleotide-binding site on enzyme- available to bind ADP and Pi (open)

Answer 38

O-site

Question 39

nucleotide-binding site on enzyme- in which ADP and Pi are loosely bound (loose)

Answer 39

L-site

Question 40

nucleotide-binding site on enzyme- where ATP is formed (tight)

Answer 40

T-site

Question 41

decrease efficiency of photosynthesis from damage caused by toxic photoproducts from high light intensities

Answer 41

photoinhibition

Question 42

processes dissipate excess absorbed light energy harmlessly as heat results in de-excitation of the singlet state of chlorophyll in the antenna of PSII

Answer 42

nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ)