1.1 UNIFYING CHARACTERISTICS IN PLANTS

Question 1

possession by two or more organisms of a characteristic inherited exclusively from their common ancestor

Answer 1

Synamorphy

Question 2

descended from one common ancestor

Answer 2

monophyletic

Question 3

embryophytes
outer cuticle
gametangia
sporophyte

Answer 3

land plants

Question 4

protective barrier of land plants
retains water

Answer 4

outer cuticle

Question 5

plant phyla- small
w/o lignin
no real roots
sporophyte, gametophyte (dominant phase)

Answer 5

bryophyte

Question 6

bipolymer that binds to cellulose and hemicellulose
provides stiffness to plants
secondary component of an enzyme

Answer 6

lignin

Question 7

plant phyla- filicinophyte
vascular tissues w/ lignin
lateral branch/roots

Answer 7

ferns

Question 8

tube shaped cell in xylem
supports transport of water/solutions

Answer 8

tracheid

Question 9

phyla- wood, “naked seed”
gametophyte dependent from sporophyte
heterospory
pollen grain

Answer 9

gymnosperms

Question 10

phyla- flower, “hidden seed”
specialized pollen/leaf tissues
cambium

Answer 10

angiosperms

Question 11

common concepts in plants

Answer 11

-multiple pigments w/ multiple funcitons
-use water & properties
-anabolic metabolism
-cell wall
-life cycle alternates
-meristematic activity continues through plant’s lifetime
-organs initially made of 3 tissues
-consists of 4 organs
-dispersal
-plans + animals coevolve
-understanding structure requires sense of scale
-primary and secondary structures
-“plant” can be broadly defined

Question 12

production of spores of 2 different sizes/sexes by sporophytes of land plants

Answer 12

heterospory

Question 13

secondary meristems formed in stems/roots after tissue of primary body have differentiated

Answer 13

cambium

Question 14

pigment for guide pollinators

Answer 14

anthocyanins

Question 15

pigment- protect against UV

Answer 15

phytochrome

Question 16

pigment- tracks time

Answer 16

cryptochrome

Question 17

self-sufficient with food because of light

Answer 17

photoautotrophic

Question 18

3 tissues plants are initially made of

Answer 18

protoderm, ground meristem, procambium

Question 19

main plant tissue- cover
ex: epidermis

Answer 19

protoderm

Question 20

main plant tissue- more of a connective tissue
ex: pith, cortex

Answer 20

ground meristem

Question 21

main plant tissue- vascular
ex: xylem, phloem

Answer 21

procambium

Question 22

type of seed- when it disperses through time

Answer 22

dormancy

Question 23

2 reasons to study plants?

Answer 23

1. photosynthesis changed the earth
2. important to humans

Question 24

2 ways photosynthesis changed the earth

Answer 24

1. altered earth’s atmosphere
2. compounds produced in the process which is utilized in/directly by heterotrophs