3.4a the global shift to Asia Flashcards
the benefits of growth in China
INVESTMENT IN INFRASTRUCTURE (roads, ports, airports, power)
- 82 airports have been built since 2000
- rail system had reached 100,000km in length
- has the world’s longest highway network
- Magler in Shanghai is the world’s fastest commercial train service
REDUCTIONS IN POVERTY
- 600 million people have been lifted out of poverty since the economic reforms began
- by 2022, an estimated 45% of the Chinese population will be classed as ‘urban middle class’
INCREASE IN EMPLOYMENT
- more people in formal employment = more tax revenue = more GS = more investment in public services e.g. education and healthcare
BETTER EDUCATION AND TRAINING
- TNCs invest in training and skills development to improve workforce productivity
- 94% of Chinese over the age of 15 are literate
- the no. of Chinese that graduated from uni is 15 times higher than it was in 2000
INCREASES IN URBAN INCOMES
- urban incomes have increased by 10% a year since 2005
- by 2014, they averaged US$9000 a year
the costs of growth in China
LOSS OF PRODUCTIVE FARMLAND and forests as cities expand to accommodate industry and worker housing
- 40% of China’s land is now suffering degradation
INCREASE IN UNPLANNED SETTLEMENTS
new developments tend to be unplanned and poorly built
increase in informal homes -> half the houses in Shenzhen were classed as informal in 2010
China manufacturing
- world’s largest recipient of FDI since 2000
- by 2015, China has 150 cities with populations of over 1 million
- manufactures 50% of the world’s computers and 60% of the world’s bicycles
India outsourcing
MUMBAI -10th largest city globally
- the average price of 95m^2 of accommodation is 90 times GDP per capita
- 60% of people live in slums
Mumbai is home to some key industries –> finance, music, film, textiles
the global economic centre of gravity has shifted towards Asia in the last 30 years
WHY??
e.g. towards India for ICT and software services
- English is widely spoken in India
- Bangalore has the best telecom infrastructure in India
