3.3c switched off from globalisation

Question 1

Physical isolation

Answer 1

• Himalaya mountain countries of Nepal, Bhutan and Chinese Tibet are isolated by terrain and winter snow which limits their connections to the outside world
• the lack of coastline in landlocked countries (e.g. Niger) deters investment for import/export base
• some countries are highly vulnerable to climate change and natural hazards e.g. Mozambique so they are more risky locations for FDI
• may have poor resources for agriculture e.g. Eritrea, which makes it harder to export raw materials

Question 2

Political isolation

Answer 2

• North Korea has deliberately isolated itself from the rest of the world and is ruled as an autocracy by a single family
• ordinary citizens in North Korea have no access to the internet or social media
• corruption in many African societies means that the risk of losses is higher for TNCs so they are less likely to set up there

Question 3

Economic isolation

Answer 3

• some countries have unstable currencies e.g. Venezuela which increases the risk of losses for TNCs
• debt and widespread poverty in sub-Saharan Africa mean their capacity to create connections is limited. and they have had to adopt structural adjustment policies so government spending has been cut –> fewer incentives for TNCs
• lack of skilled and literate workers in countries like South Sudan where the literacy rate is 27%

Question 4

Gambia

Answer 4

• relies on tourism and agriculture which have volatile incomes (like Cambodia where agriculture is the main economic sector)
• 75% of the population relies on subsistence farming
• has natural hazards e.g. droughts

DON’T ATTRACT A LOT OF ATTENTION OR INVESTMENT FROM RICHER COUNTRIES