3.4.5 Species and taxonomy (Unit 4 DNA and Relationships) Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 5 things courtship behaviours allows individuals to do?

A
  • Recognise members of the same species
  • Identify a sexually mature mate
  • Form a pair bond that will lead to successful mating and raising of offspring
  • Synchronise mating so that it takes place at a time where the egg and sperm are most likely to meet
  • Become able to breed by bringing a member of the opposite sex into a state that allows breeding to occur
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2
Q

What are the 2 types of classification?

A

*hierarchy classification

  • Phylogenetic classification
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3
Q

What is meant by a hierarchy

A

smaller groups within larger groups (groups within groups) which DO NOT overlap

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4
Q

Explain what is meant by a phylogenetic relationship

A

Shows evolutionary relationship

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5
Q

Scientist can use protein structure to investigate the evolutionary relationships between different species. Explain why

A

The closer the amino acid sequences of 2 organisms the closer their relationship
The amino acid sequence is related to the DNA base triplet sequence

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6
Q

Explain what is meant when 2 species are described as being “closely related”.

A

They have DNA in common

And they have a recent common ancestor

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7
Q

Explain the principles which biologists use to classify organisms into groups

A

Large groups are divided into smaller groups
Members of a group have features in common.
Also member of the same group have a similar evolutionary history which is based on fossils

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8
Q

Describe how comparisons of biological molecules in 2 species of sea horses could be used to find out if they are closely related

A

Compare their DNA by comparing their base sequence
To do this do DNA hybridisation by separating dna strands by breaking the hydrogen bonds
The temperature required to separate the strands indicates how close the 2 species are.

Could also compare the amino acid sequence of the proteins in the 2 species
This is called immunological evidence.
So inject seahorse protein into a rabbit and collect the antibodies the rabbit makes.
Then add the antibody mixture into the other seahorse species blood sample
The amount of precipitate indicates how close the relationship of the 2 sea horses

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9
Q

What 2 measurements would ecologists need to obtain to calculate an index of diversity of a community

A

1) the number of individuals of EACH species

2) the totals number of individuals of ALL species

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10
Q

A species is

A

a group of similar organisms capable of breeding and producing fertile offspring

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11
Q

The binomial system consists of..

A

generic and species name

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12
Q

grouping organisms together is called

A

classification

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13
Q

The science of classification is called…

A

taxonomy

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14
Q

How many levels of groups are there in classification?

A

8

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15
Q

Each group in classification is called a .

A

taxon

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16
Q

In classification is the largest or smallest group at the top of the hierarchy?

A

largest

17
Q

The first taxon is called

A

domain

18
Q

Name the 3 domain groups

A

Eukarya, Bacteria and Archaea

19
Q

The next group below the domain group is the

A

kingdom

20
Q

Animals are placed in the animal kingdom - these are further grouped into smaller groups called…

A

phylum

21
Q

the next taxa below phylum is

A

class

22
Q

the next taxa below class is

A

order

23
Q

the next taxa below family is

A

genus

24
Q

the final taxa in the classification system is called

A

species

25
Q

How many parts does the internationally accepted scientific name have?

A

2 - its in latin too!

26
Q

The scientific name for organisms has 2 parts - they are…

A

genus species

27
Q

What does the binomial system help to overcome

A

confusion using common names

28
Q

What is the purpose of courtship behaviour?

A

to attract a mate of the SAME species

29
Q

What can be said about the courtship behaviours of organisms that are more closely related?

A

similarities in their courtship behaviours!

30
Q

courtship behaviours prevents..

A

interbreeding

31
Q

How are bacteria different to eukarya?

A

absence of membrane bound organelles
smaller ribosomes
cell wall from murein
single loop DNA (no histones or nucleus)

32
Q

How are archaea different to bacteria?

A

no murein in cell walls

protein synthesis in archaea like eukaryotes

33
Q

If there are 3 species of bees called
Peponapis pruinosa, Andrena chlorogaster and Andrena piperi - what do their names suggest about their evolutionary relationships?

A

AC and AP MORE closely related

because they have SAME GENUS -Andrena