3.1.6 Energy and ATP (Unit 1 Biological Molecules) Flashcards

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1
Q

Why is glucose not a good immediate energy source for a cell?

A
  • Stable so energy is released slowly.
  • Large amount of energy released - difficult to manage.
  • Many reactions required to release energy.
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2
Q

If an inorganic phosphate molecule is added to ADP from a donor molecule we call this…

A

Substrate-Level Phosphorylation

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3
Q

What is the equation for respiration?

A

Glucose + Oxygen –> Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy (ATP)

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4
Q

ATP + Water –> ?

A

ATP + Water –> ADP + Pi + Energy

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5
Q

ADP + Pi + Energy –> ?

A

ADP + Pi + Energy –> ATP + Water

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6
Q

Which enzyme is required to catalyse the hydrolysis of ATP?

A

ATP Hydrolase (ATPase)

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7
Q

What is the function of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)?

A

To provide the energy to carry out processes in cells.

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8
Q

Describe the bond that holds the outer phosphate group on an ATP molecule.

A

Weak

Unstable

Easily broken

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9
Q

When a inorganic phosphate molecule is added to another molecule we call it…

A

phosphorylation

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10
Q

What are the components of an ATP nucleotide?

A

Adenine

Ribose

3 Phosphates

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11
Q

If an inorganic phosphate molecule is added to ADP during respiration we call this…

A

Oxidative Phosphorylation

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12
Q

What type of reaction is: ATP + Water –> ADP + Pi + Energy

A

Hydrolysis Reaction

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13
Q

What are the components of an ADP nucleotide?

A

Adenine

Ribose

2 Phosphates

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14
Q

Where is the energy in ATP released from?

A

The bonds between phosphate molecules

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15
Q

What does AMP stand for?

A

Adenosine Monophosphate

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16
Q

What does ATP stand for?

A

Adenosine Triphosphate

17
Q

How is ATP suited to its function as an immediate source of energy for a cell?

A
  • It’s instability means energy can be released quickly.
  • ATP is rapidly reformed from ADP.
  • Small amount of energy released so easy to manage.
  • Only a single hydrolysis reaction tak place for energy release.
18
Q

Energy from respiration takes the form of what?

A

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

19
Q

What does ADP stand for?

A

Adenosine Diphosphate

20
Q

Can ATP be stored in the body?

A

No - it is rapidly used so the body must constantly reform it.

21
Q

If an inorganic phosphate molecule is added to ADP during photosynthesis we call this…

A

Photophosphorylation

22
Q

What type of reaction is: ADP + Pi + Energy –> ATP + Water

A

Condensation Reaction

23
Q

Which energy requiring process does the body use ATP for?

A
  • Metabolic processes - making polypeptides form amino acids.
  • Movement - muscle contraction.
  • Active Transport - changing the shape of carrier proteins in cell membranes to move molecules against concentration gradients.
  • Secretion - to form lysosomes so cells can secrete.
  • Activation of Molecules - Phosphates from ATP can be used to phosphorylate other molecules to activate them.
24
Q

Which enzyme is required to catalyse the condensation reaction of ADP + Inorganic phosphate into ATP?

A

ATP Synthase

25
Q

What doe Pi stand for?

A

Inorganic phosphate molecule

26
Q

How is ATP resynthesised in cells?

A

from ADP and phosphate

using ATP synthase

during respiration

27
Q

Give 2 ways the hydrolysis of ATP is used in cells?

A
  1. to provide energy for other reactions
  2. to add a phosphate onto molecules - making them more reactive
28
Q

Give 2 ways ATP is suitable energy source for cells to use?

A
  1. Releases relatively small amount of energy / little energy lost as heat;
  2. Releases energy instantaneously;
  3. Phosphorylates other compounds, making them more reactive;
  4. Can be rapidly re-synthesised;
  5. Is not lost from/does not leave cells;
29
Q

name 2 products of ATP hydrolysis

A

adenosine diphosphate and phosphate (ADP)