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Chemistry > 3.4 Carbohydrates > Flashcards

3.4 Carbohydrates Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Carbohydrates

A

Carbohydrates are poly-hydroxyl aldehydes or poly-hydroxyl ketones.

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2
Q

What is the oxygen to hydrogen ratio in a carbohydrate?

A

oxygen : hydrogen
1 : 2

(Cx H(2y) Oy)

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3
Q

What is the suffix for carbohydrates?

A

-ose

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4
Q

What is the molecular formula for glucose?

A

C6 H12 O6

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5
Q

What is the molecular formula for fructose?

A

C6 H12 O6

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6
Q

What is the molecular formula for sucrose?

A

Disaccharide - C12H22O11

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7
Q

How di- , tri- and poly- saccharides formed?

A

They are formed through the condensation of monosaccharide units in a chain by covalent bonds

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8
Q

What is glucose?

A

The common respiratory fuel

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9
Q

What is glucose the monomer of?

A

Monomer for natural poly-saccharides such as amylose (starch) or cellulose

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10
Q

What is the relationship between the ring and chain form of glucose?

A

The ring and chain form will achieve an equilibrium.

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11
Q

What side will be favoured in the ring/chain equilibrium?.

A

The ring form will be favour 60% to 40%

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12
Q

How can the ring and chain form of glucose be identified?

A

The chain form has an exposed aldehyde and thus will be selectively oxidised using ammoniacal silver nitrate - any sugar that reacts with ammoniacal silver nitrate is termed a reducing sugar.

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13
Q

What does the cyclic form of glucose form?

A

Polymerises to form di- and poly- saccharides

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14
Q

Can di- and poly- saccharides be reducing sugars?

A

No - they do not have an exposed aldehyde - are made up of ring form of glucose

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15
Q

Name a common poly-saccharide

A

Starch - amylose

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16
Q

What carbohydrates are soluble in water?

A

Simple carbohydrates are soluble in water.

17
Q

What are simple carbohydrates?

A

They contain one hydroxyl for every five carbons

18
Q

Which carbohydrates are not soluble in water?

A

Poly-saccharides are not soluble in water as they are too large. However, they are hydrophilic.

19
Q

Colour change of bromine

A

Brown/yellow to colourless
OR
Purple to colourless

20
Q

Describe the reaction of bromine and an alkene

A

Will react quickly in the dark and change from brown/purple/yellow to colourless.
This is known as an addition reactions and only one product is formed as the bromine breaks the double bonds

21
Q

Describe the reaction of bromine and an alkane

A

Slow substitution reaction with two products formed.

This reaction is non-directed and any hydrogen can be replaced

22
Q

What is the prefix used when naming halogen hydrocarbons?

A

Bromine - bromo
iodine - iodo
chlorine - chloro

23
Q

Draw straight chain glucose

A

Check desktop /chemistry folder

24
Q

Draw ring form glucose

A

Check desktop / chemistry folder

Chemistry (24 decks)

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