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chemistry > 3.1 Introduction to Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

3.1 Introduction to Organic Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What does prefix meth- mean?

A

1 carbons

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2
Q

What does prefix eth- mean?

A

2 carbons

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3
Q

What does prefix prop- mean?

A

3 carbons

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4
Q

What does prefix but- mean?

A

4 carbons

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5
Q

What does prefix pent- mean?

A

5 carbons

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6
Q

What does prefix hex- mean?

A

6 carbons

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7
Q

What does prefix hept- mean?

A

7 carbons

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8
Q

What does prefix oct- mean?

A

8 carbons

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9
Q

What does suffix -ane mean?

A

only single bonds

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10
Q

What does suffix -ene mean?

A

contains at least one double bond

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11
Q

What does suffix -yne mean?

A

contains at least one triple bond

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12
Q

What are isomers?

A

Isomers have the same molecular formula but different structural formula

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13
Q

What are the steps for naming?

A
  1. identify no. of carbons in main chains
  2. Nature of bonding in main chain
  3. Position of special bonds - functional groups and double/triple bonds
  4. No. of branching chains (name and position)
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14
Q

What is the general formula for Alkanes?

A

Cn H(2n+2) [excluding cyclics]

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15
Q

What range of carbon chain lengths are gases at RT?

A

1-3 carbons in main chain (not sure if this includes branching)

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16
Q

What range of carbon chain lengths are liquid at RT?

A

4- 8/9 carbons (not sure if this includes branching)

17
Q

What range of carbon chain lengths are solid at RT?

A

8/9 - infinite carbons (not sure if this includes branching)

18
Q

When will BP increase?

And why?

A

BP increases as chain length increases.
Secondary bonding of non-polar hydrocarbons is dispersion forces and therefore strength of secondary bonding increase - increasing BP.

Functional groups also impact.

19
Q

What impacts melting point?

A

The density of the compound - hence the geometric design of the compound/structure

20
Q

Order from highest to lowest MP (of similar molar mass):

  • aldehyde
  • ketone
  • alcohol
A
  1. Alcohol
  2. Aldehyde
  3. Ketone
21
Q

Order from most soluble to least soluble (of similar molar mass):

  • Aldehyde
  • Alcohol
  • Ketone
A
  1. Alcohol
  2. Aldehyde
  3. Ketone

chemistry (24 decks)

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