3.3 Structure and Organization of Nervous system

Question 1

Central nervous system

Answer 1

brain + spinal cord

Question 2

Peripheral nervous system

Answer 2

a division of the nervous system that transmits signals between the brain and the rest of the body

Question 3

Somatic nervous system

Answer 3

nerves that control skeletal muscles (voluntary/reflexive movement) + nerves that receive sensory input - peripheral

Question 4

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 4

responsible for regulating the activity of organs and glands - peripheral

Question 5

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 5

Fight or flight response - prepare body for action (autonomic)

Question 6

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 6

helps maintain homeostatic balance in the presence of change - return to baseline (autonomic)

Question 7

Cerebral hemispheres

Answer 7

nearly symmetrical halves of the brain that contain the same structures

Question 8

Brainstem

Answer 8

the medulla (basic functions) + the pons (wakefulness) - (hindbrain)

Question 9

Reticular formation

Answer 9

extends from the medulla upwards to the midbrain and is involved with attention and alertness (hindbrain)

Question 10

Cerebellum

Answer 10

is the lobe-like structure at the base of the brain = monitoring of movement + balance + attention + emotional responses
(hindbrain)

Question 11

Midbrain

Answer 11

Sensory + motor

Question 12

Parkinson’s disease

Answer 12

a condition marked by major impairments in voluntary movement

Question 13

Forebrain

Answer 13

includes folds + grooves of outer layer + anything above midbrain

Question 14

Basal ganglia

Answer 14

3 structures = facilitating planned movements, skill learning, and integrating sensory and movement information with the brain’s reward system

Question 15

Huntington’s disease

Answer 15

a condition involving uncontrollable movements of the body, head, and face - basal ganglia improper function

Question 16

Tourette’s syndrome

Answer 16

a condition marked by erratic and repetitive facial and muscle movements, heavy eye blinking, and frequent noise making

Question 17

Limbic system

Answer 17

an integrated network involved in emotion and memory

Question 18

Amygdala

Answer 18

which facilitates memory formation for emotional events, mediates fear responses, and appears to play a role in recognizing and interpreting emotional stimuli, including facial expressions

Question 19

Hippocampus

Answer 19

is critical for learning and memory, particularly the formation of new memories

Question 20

Thalamus

Answer 20

a set of nuclei involved in relaying sensory information to diff regions of the brain

Question 21

Cerebral cortex

Answer 21

is the convoluted, wrinkled (increase sa) outer layer of the brain that is involved in multiple higher functions = thought, language, and personality

Question 22

Occipital lobes

Answer 22

rear of brain, visual info

Question 23

Parietal lobe

Answer 23

Touch (somatosensory cortex), bodily awareness, math/attention

Question 24

Temporal lobe

Answer 24

Sides of brain - hearing, language, higher level cognitive functions

Question 25

Cortical deafness

Answer 25

Problems hearing despite ears functioning perfectly

Question 26

Frontal lobes

Answer 26

Higher cognitive functions
Primary motor cortex (voluntary movement) + prefrontal cortex (decision-making, executive functions)

Question 27

Corpus callosum

Answer 27

Collection of neural fibres connecting the 2 cerebral hemispheres

Question 28

Hemisphere specialization

Answer 28

a phenomenon where the two sides of the cortex often perform very different functions

Question 29

Split-brain patients

Answer 29

individuals with epilepsy who had their corpus callosum severed in order to treat their seizures

Question 30

Neuroplasticity

Answer 30

the capacity of the brain to change and rewire itself based on individual experience

Question 31

Trophic factors

Answer 31

aka growth factors - can stimulate the growth of new dendrites and axons

Question 32

Neglect

Answer 32

a situation in which the patient does not attend to anything that appears in the left half of their visual field

Question 33

Boca’s area

Answer 33

Speech production + articulation