13.2 Social Cognition Flashcards
Explicit processes
make up conscious thought - deliberative, effortful, relatively slow, and generally under our intentional control
Implicit processes
make up unconscious thought - intuitive, automatic, effortless, very fast, and operate largely outside of our intentional control
Dual-process models
models of behaviour that account for both implicit and explicit processes
Person perception
the processes by which individuals categorize and form judgments about other people
Thin slices of behaviour
very small samples of a person’s behaviour
Self-fulfilling prophecies
occur when a first impression affects one’s behaviour, and then that affects other people’s behaviour, leading one to “confirm” the initial impression or expectation
False consensus effect
tendency to project the self-concept onto the social world
Naive realism
the assumption that our perceptions of reality are accurate, that we see things the way that they are
Self-serving biases
biased ways of processing self-relevant info to enhance our positive self-evaluation
Internal attribution
whereby an observer explains the behaviour of an actor in terms of some innate quality of that person
External attribution
whereby the observer explains the actor’s behaviour as the result of the situation
Fundamental attribution error
tendency to over-emphasize internal attributions and under-emphasize external/situational factors when explaining other people’s behaviour
Ingroups
groups we feel positively toward and identify with
Outgroups
“other” groups we don’t identify with
Ingroup bias
positive biases toward the self get extended to include one’s ingroups and people become motivated to see their ingroups as superior to their outgroups
Minimal group paradigm
divided into groups based on essentially meaningless criteria
Stereotype
cognitive structure, a set of beliefs about the characteristics that are held by members of a specific social group; these beliefs function as schemas, serving to guide how we process info about our social world
Prejudice
an affective, emotionally laden response to members of outgroups, including holding negative attitudes and making critical judgments of other groups
Discrimination
Behaviour that disfavours or disadvantages members of a certain social group
Hostile sexism
stereotypes that have been explicitly negative views of one or both sexes
Benevolent sexism
views of one or both sexes that sound positive
Contact hypothesis
predicts that social contact between members of diff groups is extremely important to overcoming prejudice
