3.3 Nervous System

Question 1

What is the nervous system?

Answer 1

A vast communication Network that coordinates and carries messages between all parts of the body.

Question 2

Two main parts of the nervous system?

Answer 2

The central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Question 3

Meninges

Answer 3

The protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord

Question 4

Brain

Answer 4

A spongy and complex or organ comprised of more than 100 billion nerve cells. Part of the central nervous system

Question 5

Three main parts of the brain?

Answer 5

Cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem

Question 6

Function of the cerebrum?

Answer 6

Manage nerve impulses, control most involuntary muscle contractions, interpret information gathered by senses, influence the foundation of personality emotions and attitudes.

Question 7

Function of the cerebellum?

Answer 7

Located below and behind the cerebrum, the cerebellum adjust the motor impulses that control muscular coordination, body balance and posture

Question 8

Function of the brain stem?

Answer 8

Located at the base of the brain, the brainstem is formed by bundles of nerves, it controls automatic body functions like heartbeat and breathing

Question 9

PNS - Peripheral nervous system

Answer 9

A network of nerves and sense organs that branch out of the CNS and connect to other parts of the body

Question 10

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 10

Part of the PNS, it controls all involuntary body processes like heartbeat and peristalsis (the rippling motion of muscles in the digestive tract)

Question 11

Sense organs

Answer 11

Eyes, ears, nose, tongue and skin

Question 12

Eyes

Answer 12

Vision organs that produce images by focusing light rays that are interpreted by the brain

Question 13

Three layers of tissue in the eye?

Answer 13

Sclera, choroid, retina

Question 14

Sclera

Answer 14

The white portion of the eye acting as a protective outer coating, contains a transparent protective shield called the cornea

Question 15

Choroid

Answer 15

Middle layer of the eye holding blood vessels, the iris, and the pupil (which controls the amount of light entering the eye.) Also contains the aqueous humor, a watery like fluid that fills the front compartment of the eye

Question 16

Retina

Answer 16

Located on the back surface of the eyeball, Containing the light sensitive cells (rods and cones), that receive and transmit impressions to the brain through the optic nerve

Question 17

Ears

Answer 17

Hearing organs That transmit nerve impulses associated with sound waves

Question 18

Function of the external ear?

Answer 18

A funnel to gather sound waves and pass them through the ear canal to the eardrum

Question 19

Tympanic membrane

Answer 19

The eardrum, a tightly stretched membrane that separates the outer ear canal from the middle ear

Question 20

Three small bones in the Middle ear?

Answer 20

malleus, incus, and stapes

Question 21

Location of the receptors and nerve endings that transmit nerve impulses to the brain

Answer 21

A spiral shaped tube called the cochlea channels these vibrations within the inner ear

Question 22

Nose

Answer 22

The organ of smell, receptors are located in the mucous membranes of the nasal cavity and are sensitive to chemicals carried through the air.

Question 23

Tongue

Answer 23

The organ of taste. A combination of four types of taste and 80 types of chemical odors produce specific flavors

Question 24

Skin

Answer 24

The largest organ, containing many nerve endings at and below the surface. Touch receptors can distinguish textures, hot and cold, pressure and pain.

Question 25

Craniotomy

Answer 25

Creating an opening in the skull to expose the brain to facilitate procedures, such as the removal of tumors and clots

Question 26

Carpal tunnel repair

Answer 26

Removal of tissue or displaced bones in the wrist area to release pressure on the median nerve

Question 27

Ulnar nerve transposition

Answer 27

Making an incision at the elbow area, allowing the ulnar nerve to be moved to an area that provides protection and comfort.

Question 28

Cataract extraction with implant

Answer 28

Removing a clouded islands and replacing it with a clear artificial lens replacement

Question 29

Corneal transplant

Answer 29

Grafting corneal tissue from a donor I to another to improve vision when the cornea is damaged or scarred.

Question 30

BNT – bilateral Myringotomy with tubes

Answer 30

Making an incision into the tympanic membrane to permit fluid to drain. Small tubes are placed in the membrane to allow continuous drainage. The tubes fall out as the membrane heals.

Question 31

Stapedectomy

Answer 31

Removal of the stapes when it has thickened and no longer transmits soundwaves. It is replaced with an artificial implant to improve hearing.

Question 32

Tympanoplasty

Answer 32

Reconstructing the eardrum, so sound waves can be sent to the middle and inner ear.

Question 33

STSG - split-thickness skin graft

Answer 33

Cutting the skin graft from a donor site and using a graph measure to expand the graft. The graft is then transplanted onto the surgical area.